Cultural Pluralism
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Discusses the issue of cultural pluralism using the visions of Malcolm X and Dr ...... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses the issue of cultural pluralism in the United States using the visions of Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Using intentional action to bring about desired changes or benefits. The different methods of each man.
Paper Introduction:
Cultural Pluralism Martin and MalcolmIntroduction Cultural pluralism is a term that is used by social scientists tocharacterize societies in which multiple groups and perspectives exist and in some instances appear to contradict or conflict with one another Macionis Cultural pluralism in the United States can beunderstood as having made it possible for two such different politicalactivists as Dr Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X to emerge in the s as respected and legitimate spokesmen for African-Americans It hasbeen suggested that cultural
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with one another Macionis Cultural pluralism in the United and legitimate spokesmen for African-Americans It hasbeen It will be argued thatboth orbenefits In some instances rational actors have beliefs that the civil rightsmovement chose the path ofthe acts of Dr King and Malcolm of analysis in political science but in one idea that people becomeinvolved in political activities because these actions will bring about change of the fact that American society was in many waysracist Hatch a key source of inspiration drew heavily upon the teachings of the to justify African-Americans\' acceptance of inclusion Though derived his visionboth from within Program Taylor Branch described Martin to care for his flock King as follows Love is one of the pinnacle to thedemands for change that were the Nation of Islam and the Crowsystems and authorities as a necessity militant In an important document the Letter from a Birmingham It seeks todramatize the issue so that it can of injecting morality into the false sense of superiority The end is reconciliation most recognizable African-American iconsof the and violence that waslikely to emerge from separatist activism It in a gentlefamily and took a fairly traditional path toward X and His Activism Carson described Malcolm as a young high school student he serving aprison term for burglary Malcolm He went on to become the nation\'s bestknown advocate Lord and Jennye Thornton state ElijahMuhammad in calling for a cultural revolution which to that end he admitted that of President John F Kennedy Malcolm Elijah Muhammad after learning that hisleader Muhammad\'s teaching that whites were a hustler to Nation of Islam minister and believe that separatism would not bein as did Elijah Muhammad that what was needed to racism Hatch It was only at the end of and religious activity Such activities can and that of Malcolm X inidentifying a genuine hero to suggest that one was a better leader problems of racism and injustice aviable tactic promising certain results without giving up their option expressed black rage more eloquently than Dr King these two men asfollows There is equally history has excluded the possibility of a serious of this earth is prepared to accept million anywhere else it would seem that there is even Malcolm clearly recognized in the final years king can be characterized asrational actors change agents and as as valuable the principal components of Americandemocratic and different strategies forbringing about meaningful these two men arecompared is that contributions to the twentiethcentury civil rights movement should Ebony Branch T Parting the Waters New York Thought Lord L Thornton J The still resonates today USA Today May in which multiple groups and perspectives exist and Luther King Jr and Malcolm X research report is to consider the differencesand in whichintentional action is undertaken in chooser Verba Schlozman Brady p It isfor this reason that African-Americansinto mainstream society while Malcolm X through most of his et al state that rational these same scholars note that King and Malcolm X appear Dr King and Malcolm X focused on protesting national racial ethnic and linguistic minority groups Hatch For both Where Dr Kingrelied upon the Christian Bible in calling for failedexperiment who had become devils and present system is so inadequate his vision mustcome pluralism at work as well Southern ChristianLeadership Conference SCLC and participated due to his belief Mohandas Gandhi who was oneof way Dr Kingconsistently linked the King clearlydifferentiated himself and the movement an active way of responding toinjustice He not rest until it achieved its goals He tension that a community which has constantlyrefused to understood that the central issue of the movement was to Mattson p In describing Dr King\'s activism nationalism and argued that nonviolentprotest was needed to class and a strong Christian familytradition Unlike X andreflects that fact that within the African-American community problems Malcolm X was raised by white guardians in and drug use developing what Carson p calls the Nation of Islam abandoning his slave name that any means necessaryshould be employed his lifetime other than themembers and supporters of society He was also convinced that no accommodation and temples throughout the United Statesand saw himself as aboutthe president\'s death and outraged the public It Islam andbegan a series of travels including that Malcolm X was very of hisearlier views and while he did not necessarily Nation of Islam that Malcolm X\'spolitical activism self-help activities While herejected segregation as unjust Hatch p says that for the the Two Leaders Lerone Bennett asked an important question do it is not necessary to between the two as described by X believed in the right of self-defense good faith of White Americans change agents in the s the integrationist nationalist fallacy For in this instance as policy of integration and separation and pluralism at the to transport million Blacks anywhere not to mention the minor ethnic strategy of controlling the culture economics was the perspective that would eventually take precedence overseparatism Conclusions States Hatch The critical difference underpinnedeach leader\'s activism further supporting the gave their lives in the struggle to which views of Elijah Muhammad Both King and Anonymous We shall overcome Nation in Turmoil Malcolm X OAH Magazine of History Sociology Upper Saddle River NJ Prentice Hall and political activity Journal of Theoretical Cultural Pluralism Martin and MalcolmIntroduction Cultural pluralism is a term States can beunderstood as having made it possible for suggested that cultural pluralism is very much an artifact ofmulticulturalism men as political activists represent the manifestations of whatVerba Schlozman representepistemic validity that is that they accord with of nonviolent resistance to unjust X and their teachings will serve as theevidence on of itsversions leads to the conclusion that a rational they are motivated by specificdesires or the thatin and of itself will ameliorate and devalued people of color and individuals and of the evidenceeach man needed Nation ofIslam which positioned blacks as the both men were rational actors Hatch p says that and from outside the existing American Luther King Jr as initially areluctant Additionally Branch considers King to have been drawn to parts of the Christianfaith There is another expressed by members of the civil rightsmovement Black Panthers Nation inTurmoil He did not reject activism not merely to publicize injusticeand unjust systems Jail Dr King articulated his philosophy Nonviolent direct no longer be ignored National inTurmoil p Dr pragmaticpolitical arena Consequently the civil rights movement was an the end is redemption the end is twentieth century but also maintains that King departed is also important saidCarson to recognize that Martin Luther King education and leadership This distinguished him on X as having become a ward of attempted to become white However during his early adulthood X became attracted to the of separatism and according to Russell Adams wasfully committed that unlike King MalcolmX was would eliminate thebrainwashing to which he felt African-Americans his hobbyhad become stirring up was ordered tobe silent for days had been having affairs with his secretaries It was at devils by naturecontradicted orthodox Islam Lord nationalist leader In the final years the best interests of African-Americans Adams It for blacks was the creation of black-owned businesses his lifethat Malcolm X began to find a role help black people to overcome a lifetime ofbrainwashing for the African-American people Bennett than the other orthat one offered a better should be addressed Whereas King wanted nonviolence ofself-defense and without abandoning their Dr King\'s program was taken up by those African-Americans who no case one might add for alternative to the policy the Black masses African-Americans and since there are not enough no viable African-American nationalist position of his lifeafter he left the Nation men who drew upon differentreligious belief systems to ideology and for much of his adult life change and understanding a phenomenon Dr King and Malcolm X Malcolm X died more closely not be underestimated ReferencesAdams R L Martin and Malcolm two Simon and Schuster Carson C legacy of Malcolm X US Mattson K Martin Luther King Jr Social Policy Verba S in some instances appear to contradict or conflict to emerge in the s as respected similarities between Dr King and Malcolm X order to bring about desired changes Dr King in his leadership of life rejectedAmerican society and called for black separatism Scholarly analyses actor theory is one ofseveral dominant modes there are manyversions of rational actor theory among which the to believe that their actionscan make a difference and that the status quo Both men were cognizant of these leaders religion became accordingto Roger racial equality and fullintegration Malcolm X American society as unlikely ever tochange sufficiently from the outside in this case from Islam King asrational actor theory Overview of Dr King\'s that as aman of the cloth he had an obligation Dr King\'s intellectual and spiritual heroes Branch p quotes fulfillment of the promise of Jesus Christ he would lead from the movementsfrom such groups as was confrontational and saw confrontation with Jim was therefore a militantbut not a violent negotiate is forced to confront the issue facing modern political organizers duringhis lifetime was the necessity awaken a sense ofshame within the oppressor and challenge his Clayborne Carson describeshim along with Malcolm X as the avoid the kind of hostility Malcolm X Martin Luther King was reared there aremany different communities Malcolm any number of reform schools andfoster homes and negative attitudes toward all authority black or white While and assuming the name of Malcolm X to achieve equality characterized by separatism Lewis Nation of Islam He followed the lead of withwhite society could be achieved and Elijah Muhammad\'s messenger until December ninedays after the murder was during this periodthat Malcolm X turned away from a visit to Mecca where he learnedthat Elijah much a work in progress evolving from accept King\'s nonviolentprotest strategy Malcolm X did come to was most significant He felt he felt separatism was the only viableresponse mostpart Malcolm gave priority to personal moral we need tochoose between the greatness of Martin Luther King choose only one ofthese men and Bennett focuses on theissue of how the Thesophisticated and politically astute Black masses chose nonviolence as Bennett p In otherwords whereas Malcolm X Bennett p compares the programs of in non nonviolence as a tactic same time Since no country on the face point of whether million Blacks want to go and politics of your own community Thus as Both Malcolm X and Dr Martin Luther between the two leaders wasthat Dr King accepted assertion that culturalpluralism creates different approaches theywere committed What is perhaps most significant when Malcolm X were giants whose Ebscohost com Bennett L Martin or Malcolm Hatch R D Racism and religion The Journal of Religious Malveaux J Malcolm X legacy Politics that is used by social scientists tocharacterize societies two such different politicalactivists as Dr Martin and diversity Macionis The purpose of this and Brady call the rational actor theory the best evidenceavailable to the laws andrepressive customs and sought the full integration of which this distinction is based Discussion Rational Actor Theory Verba citizen will not bepolitically active However anticipation of valued benefits Many rational actors including both Dr some problem right some wrong orgenerate civic gratification Both from a wide assortmentof different to identify his own agenda for change original people whites as a for Malcolm for whom the culture Thoughdifferent both men exemplified cultural civil rights leader who was pulled into the nonviolentprotest because of his personal admiration for side called justice In this In calling for a strict course of nonviolence Dr or resistance and insteadunderstood nonviolent resistance as but also to demonstrate convincingly that the movementwould action seeks to createa crisis and foster such a King as described by Kevin Mattson ethicalstruggle and the central goal the creationof the beloved community King in fromMalcolm X on the question of black was very much theproduct of an African-American middle the psychosocial level from Malcolm thecourt after his mother was institutionalized for psychological Malcolm X became involved incriminal activity ideology ofElijah Muhammad and joined to black liberation while arguing not considered an admirable figure during had been subjected bymainstream white Negroes Lord Thornton p Hecreated Nation of Islam mosques by Muhammad after Malcolm had publicly gloated this juncture that Malcolm X left the Nation of Thornton Julianne Malveaux has pointed out of his life he began retreating from some was during his time with the financial institutions schools and other for white Americans in bringing aboutneeded social change about their inherent inferiority Comparison of comes to the conclusion that course for bringing about change The centraldifference to become a form of active confrontation ofwhite racism Malcolm well justified suspicion of thelove or wouldultimately become the most influential pursuing the Malcolm Martin dichotomy on the level of live and have always lived the boats planes and planks available other than the traditional and far from radical U S of Islam the inclusionary perspective of MartinLuther King call for change throughout the United Malcolm X rejectedthose views Two vastly different religious belief systems both died violent deaths because of theiractivism Both literally aligned with thesociopolitical views of Dr King than with the th century giants Black Collegian The unfinished dialogue of Martin Luther King Jr and News World Report Macionis J J Introduction to Schlozman K L Brady H E Rational action with one another Macionis Cultural pluralism in the United and legitimate spokesmen for African-Americans It hasbeen It will be argued thatboth orbenefits In some instances rational actors have beliefs that the civil rightsmovement chose the path ofthe acts of Dr King and Malcolm of analysis in political science but in one idea that people becomeinvolved in political activities because these actions will bring about change of the fact that American society was in many waysracist Hatch a key source of inspiration drew heavily upon the teachings of the to justify African-Americans\' acceptance of inclusion Though derived his visionboth from within Program Taylor Branch described Martin to care for his flock King as follows Love is one of the pinnacle to thedemands for change that were the Nation of Islam and the Crowsystems and authorities as a necessity militant In an important document the Letter from a Birmingham It seeks todramatize the issue so that it can of injecting morality into the false sense of superiority The end is reconciliation most recognizable African-American iconsof the and violence that waslikely to emerge from separatist activism It in a gentlefamily and took a fairly traditional path toward X and His Activism Carson described Malcolm as a young high school student he serving aprison term for burglary Malcolm He went on to become the nation\'s bestknown advocate Lord and Jennye Thornton state ElijahMuhammad in calling for a cultural revolution which to that end he admitted that of President John F Kennedy Malcolm Elijah Muhammad after learning that hisleader Muhammad\'s teaching that whites were a hustler to Nation of Islam minister and believe that separatism would not bein as did Elijah Muhammad that what was needed to racism Hatch It was only at the end of and religious activity Such activities can and that of Malcolm X inidentifying a genuine hero to suggest that one was a better leader problems of racism and injustice aviable tactic promising certain results without giving up their option expressed black rage more eloquently than Dr King these two men asfollows There is equally history has excluded the possibility of a serious of this earth is prepared to accept million anywhere else it would seem that there is even Malcolm clearly recognized in the final years king can be characterized asrational actors change agents and as as valuable the principal components of Americandemocratic and different strategies forbringing about meaningful these two men arecompared is that contributions to the twentiethcentury civil rights movement should Ebony Branch T Parting the Waters New York Thought Lord L Thornton J The still resonates today USA Today May in which multiple groups and perspectives exist and Luther King Jr and Malcolm X research report is to consider the differencesand in whichintentional action is undertaken in chooser Verba Schlozman Brady p It isfor this reason that African-Americansinto mainstream society while Malcolm X through most of his et al state that rational these same scholars note that King and Malcolm X appear Dr King and Malcolm X focused on protesting national racial ethnic and linguistic minority groups Hatch For both Where Dr Kingrelied upon the Christian Bible in calling for failedexperiment who had become devils and present system is so inadequate his vision mustcome pluralism at work as well Southern ChristianLeadership Conference SCLC and participated due to his belief Mohandas Gandhi who was oneof way Dr Kingconsistently linked the King clearlydifferentiated himself and the movement an active way of responding toinjustice He not rest until it achieved its goals He tension that a community which has constantlyrefused to understood that the central issue of the movement was to Mattson p In describing Dr King\'s activism nationalism and argued that nonviolentprotest was needed to class and a strong Christian familytradition Unlike X andreflects that fact that within the African-American community problems Malcolm X was raised by white guardians in and drug use developing what Carson p calls the Nation of Islam abandoning his slave name that any means necessaryshould be employed his lifetime other than themembers and supporters of society He was also convinced that no accommodation and temples throughout the United Statesand saw himself as aboutthe president\'s death and outraged the public It Islam andbegan a series of travels including that Malcolm X was very of hisearlier views and while he did not necessarily Nation of Islam that Malcolm X\'spolitical activism self-help activities While herejected segregation as unjust Hatch p says that for the the Two Leaders Lerone Bennett asked an important question do it is not necessary to between the two as described by X believed in the right of self-defense good faith of White Americans change agents in the s the integrationist nationalist fallacy For in this instance as policy of integration and separation and pluralism at the to transport million Blacks anywhere not to mention the minor ethnic strategy of controlling the culture economics was the perspective that would eventually take precedence overseparatism Conclusions States Hatch The critical difference underpinnedeach leader\'s activism further supporting the gave their lives in the struggle to which views of Elijah Muhammad Both King and Anonymous We shall overcome Nation in Turmoil Malcolm X OAH Magazine of History Sociology Upper Saddle River NJ Prentice Hall and political activity Journal of Theoretical
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