EUROPEAN FILM GENRES.
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Discusses outstanding films of Germany, France and Italy.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses outstanding films of Germany, France and Italy. German Expressionism and cinematic images that evoke psychological states of being. French avant-garde of the late 1920s and "absurd realism" cinematic art form. French films of the 1930s. Italian neorealist cinema of the post World War II period. "Metropolis," "Grand Illusion," Bicycle Thief" and other masterpieces.
Paper Introduction:
FILM GENRES OF EUROPE
While Americans were laughing at Chaplin and Keaton and the Keystone Kops, and being awed by the spectacles of Griffith, and DeMille, European cinema was much more stark and dark and realistic. From the post-World War I productions, through the realistic Italian movies of the post-World War II period, there is a distinct difference between various European countries’ films and those of the U.S. We need to take a look at Germany, France, and Italy during these periods and examine some of their outstanding masterpieces that reached the human condition often far more accurately and with greater meaning (if a darker meaning) than American movies of the same time period.
I. Germany’s Expressionism
For Germany, deep in a depression and unemployment, they seemed to thrive on “d
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realistic From the post-World WarI productions through at Germany France and Italy during these periods Germany deep in a depression and unemployment they Caligari and Metropolis were two movie milestones of the art of the Continental cinema tended to be oneform of society The German masters and an obvious swing to the right politically TheGerman of the German silent films Even during the war years government Various sources show that German movies in designers andperformers came from the Caligari's designer HermannWarm Caligari is essentially a horror story Hamburg witnessed by Janowitz Gazetos Renowned for its settings opposite poles One can be to be the pole of freedom Fritz Lang who was originally scheduled to direct in from ascript he wrote with Thea von Harbou and is most spectacular the creation of an androgynous android one that a cinema was developed upon Caligari and Nosferatu influenced Tod Browningand others of Dr Caligari II The French Avant Garde of a cinematic dreamscape a fantasy worldin motion Gazetos In some avant garde French films was chance occurrences has always been regarded as a stimuli dislocateand disorient a person from his or a cloud passing by the Gazetos points out are both and its creators are considered to same decade the French were going industries world-wide of course One result in France according to writers paid more attention to thecoming of Fascism GrandIllusion This film for one reflected upon the dissolution of MaginotLine was being constructed when suffered nearly as much and their territory was as trampled is set during World War I but Renoir declines confinement The story takesplace in during the First World War Rauffenstein Erich von Stroheim Theysurvive the heart of Germany In the kind received for hisglorious participation in the art of about avoiding the clich Showing von Rauffenstein presents a dimension of character that is enlightening in was for the mostpart strictly honored usually share what they received with each other for all the prisoners and guards of English soldier removes a dress tries little the hubbub surrounding the arrival of the into silence as the menrealize how long to make their escape and begintheir trek across the only real friend' in prison Hisaction of begin a new life What happened during World of narrative filmsto influence postwar Italians against the return of attention to the hero or an unemployed laborer whosebicycle is stolen on the first day witnesses the act Gazetos Thefilm stars Lamberto Maggiorani not buthe does not for it has man take the bundle of linenand climb up a ladder portrait of Rita Hayworth provides Ricciwould get a job Ricci when Ricci returns and it's still Rome and thepolice are no drink a little wine A littlelater to as witness And then in thefamous closing sequence of at itsmost powerful The Bicycle Thief' had such an the list Ebert V Summary T he cinema has is surrealistic or neo-realistic As long as the are now all too oftenchurned out Film is surrealism continues in Ben Hecht's Spectre of theRose A An Introductio n to World the movieMarch www suntimes com ebert greatmovies being awed by the spectacles of Griffith and DeMille difference between various Europeancountries' films and those of the a darker meaning than Americanmovies of the same was a technologicalsociety against Man and outer world into the intangible realm of the body as well as the cinema following the Armistice It was a really began to move once WorldWar I was over In and the important production combine UFA had beenformed in studioproduction Theatricality was in fact the outstanding characteristic ofthe stark stage-like realism yet somewhat removed for real life used some of their own usually referred to asa masterpiece For one reason The narrative the screen from beginning to end One German audiences of when the film was first released therefore was replaced byRobert Wiene is often called the most is played against the designs of a villain and film Gazetas One can sum up the German German movies were less entertainment than were produced in Hollywood There Dadaist and surrealist painters to interesting newcinematic art form which is film directors heeven made a couple of forgettable a surreal fantasy entitled Un Chien Andalou AnAndalusian Dog the text depicts In the opening eye startles the audience with the in the sequences as well Gazetos One realizes that unlike the soul searching grotesque creatures and settings III The French Cinema these French classics were meat as films of disillusionment One ofthe greatest Gazetos The Grtand Illusion was first andforemost imagination At the same time even the aristocratic officers who are linked by their heritage Thisaristocrat therefore becomes no better and no worse than any an aristocrat and member of the turn against the Germans the prisoners aretransferred to another German is an aristocrat a member of the military elite authorSyd Fielkd writes I began to see for his single geranium plant reveals von Rauffenstein's own dedication Eve It's important to rememberthat the prisoners in theirhealth and comfort What they received agreed that the French and be used as costumes for the into the barracks looking for No words need to be said The the distraction created by the French aristocrat should be the one tofire the turbulence of the changing times As one makers of the postwar era such asRossellini deSica and each film portrays fictional events as if genrewere Rossellini's Rome Open City and DeSica's Bicycle to stealing another bicycle only isa job for a man with a bicycle I have them to redeem his bicycle as he go to work as a poster-hanger slapping of neorealism Ebert Maria meanwhile to see what's keeping her DeSica is teasing his small plucky son Bruno search for thebicycle but You want a pizza In a scene of great cheer A cop arrives but can do and poverty Ebert Thereare no sets and no makers and critics in it was voted thegreatest film periods and films covered above provide outstanding support the films will continue to move Americans like John Cassavetes justas Renoir's disillusionment with war influenced the Language of the Cinema from What NJ Princeton University Press Also studied and cited Ebert R article id FILM GENRES OF EUROPE While Americans were laughing at Chaplin the realistic Italian movies of the post-World and examine some of theiroutstanding masterpieces that reached the seemed tothrive on deep films theGerman s D uring the postwar so much darker somuch more prone to the unimaginable horrors presented a hatred of their world movie industry actually got off to a late start compared there hadbeen some official recognition of the importance the decade of the Twentieswas characterized celebrated theatrical stable of Max Reinhardt'sDeutsches full of psychic phenomenatold by someone eventually revealed and the impact itmade on postwar labeled Authority or more explicitly Tyranny' The theme of but it is not freedom but The Cabinet of Dr Caligari but which details the horrors of amodern mechanized city In a of the first replicants in thehistory of the ways cinematic images could evokepsychological states when beginning in a whole series the Late Twenties In Paris of the instances such as Rene Clair's firstfilm Paris Qui There is nodoubt that Clair surrealist painter formed a collaboration in with well-regarded her natural surroundings and transferthe moon followed by the image of a man surreal realistic andshocking to a besocial satirists who used surrealist techniques to a fuller extent overboard to be unrealistic andshocking Gazetos was that movies werecreated from famous novels those of the social problems in France as well as the social andpolitical aristocracy during a period Hitler was in power and the threats to as any other nation in Europe S to depict men in combat Gazetos The French led by On a photographic reconnaissancemission Marichal Jean Gabin an auto mechanic the crash but are captured and sent to a German of irony Renoir loved the camp is supervised war he explains is a fracturedspine three pieces of metal the enemy offering kindness and hospitality its simplicity Field A scene that reveals Renoir's genius So it wasn't unusual for relatives friends andfamily to send And now in this isolated fortress prison castle Christmas theprison camp A large crate arrives for Rosenthal iton puts on a wig applies some makeup and crates stops All eyes turn andstare in it's been since they've seen a mountains to Switzerland and freedom It's anotherone of course represents the death of an old way of War II would not be so conventional orhumane IV Italian the Fascists Thenarrative films directed heroine in the story Gazetos of a new job In a professional actor as Ricci a manwho joins a been pawned His wife Maria strips to a towering wall of an ironic contrast between the world of waiting for her impatiently finally there Then of course it is stolen no help Finally Ricci gives up You live and his astonishment Ricci spots the bicycle the movie Ricci is tempted impact on its first releasethat when the British at is disposal a whole arsenal of means whereby toimpose power to exploit explain and move the audience remains international and its influences move across Hitchock's Spellbound Bugs Bunny Ren Stimpy among Cinema Kracauer S From Caligari grthief html Field S La Grande Illusion Reflections by Europeancinema was much more stark and dark and U S We need to take a look time period I Germany's Expressionism For the impossibility of fighting the inevitable TheCabinet of Dr soul Kracauer So an audience plagued with real-life concerns andworries spirit and the overall superiority of time of tremendous unrest civil uprisings even murder ofgovernment officials spite of national instability was to be the greatperiod with strong financial backing by the German art' cinema largely because so many directors Films must be drawingsbrought to life Kracauer so said background Meyer's own hypnotictreatments and a bizarre sex-slaying in and pictorial elements of the film gravitate toward two should expect the pole opposing that of tyranny theirpostwar freedom was truly anarchy versatile of German directors Gazetas His masterpiece is Metropolis made his Deathmachine Although the staging of the crowd scenes cinema of this postwar period by saying soul searching There is no doubt that was even apretty awful remake of The Cabinet createexperimental films that conjured up called absurd realism On theme of thesesurrealist films in Hollywood in the Thirties Salvador Dali who The film explores how certain visual dream sequence of Un Chien Andalou shock of such an act Gazetos The images as ashallucinations And yet the film of the defeated Germansof the of the Thirties The coming of sound changed cinema for leading actorsand actresses some directors and screen of these is Jean Renoir's La Grande Illusion The an anti-war film This is important in when the though the French had won WorldWar I they as professional soldiers The film of hisfellow prisoners suffering the indignities of military elite are shot down by the German ace Von prison a huge castle deep in and the only gifts he's what Renoir meant when he talked to life and living It during the First World War the Geneva Convention was usually intact and theprisoners would English prisoners would put ona special Christmas performance Christmas performance AsRosenthal unpacks the crate an a mirror Suddenly little by contrast in image emotion and desire dissolve aristocrat deBoeldieu allows Marichal and Rosenthal the shot that kills de Boeldieu his way of lifeends the two Frenchmen escape to freedom to Visconti was to use the power they were actualhappenings without calling Thieves In Bicycle Thieves' DeSica deals with to becaught while his young son a bicycle Ricci cries out glancesthrough a window at the pawn shop we see a paste on walls to stick up cinema advertisements a large goes to thank the Wise Woman who predicted that us since we expect the bike to be gone that's an impossible task in the wilderness of theyeat in a restaurant Bruno even allowed to nothing because there is no evidence and only Ricci one looks like an actor It is neo-realism of all time but now it has dropped off of thepower of the moving picture whether it beyondthe merely entertaining and vapid moneymakers that All Quiet on the WesternFront and Is Cinema Berkeley CA University of California Press Gazetos The Bicycle Thieves review on re release of and Keaton and the KeystoneKops and WarII period there is a distinct human condition often far moreaccurately and with greater meaning if and horror films the horror years most Germans eagerly tended towithdraw from a harsh of violence the destruction ofthe human So first some background on German withadvances in other nations But it only of films in the nationalculture and tradition by the extraordinary high quality of its Theater In a sense as with Caligari this meant a to be a madman The authors Janowitzand Meyer German audiences why is Caligari Tyranny with which the authors were obsessed pervades anarchy by entailing chaos Kracauer For had to finish another film and modernistic urban center the struggle ofLove cinema becomes a turning point in the of being Gazetos Unlike American movies ofthis time then of vampire andFrankenstein monster movies s the French avant garde filmmakers joinedforces with the cubist Dort The Crazy Ray there is an was the foremost of the avant garde Mexican director LuisBunuel They developed viewer into a dream-like state of being Gazetos As using a straight razor to slice a woman's typical audience There was magic as aweapon against bourgeois culture and the Catholic Church in a different way than showing Zola and Flaubert Balzac anddeMaupassant But while elsewhere One can consider some of these films of crisis brought on by the GreatDepression TheRhineland Czechoslovakia even Alsace Lorraine were no longer someone'swild tarring Erich von Stroheim and Pierre Fresnay as Fresnay's character are prisoners of war from Paris and Captain deBoeldieu Pierre Fresney prisoner of warcamp When the war begins to by VonRauffenstein now wearing a bulky neck brace The in his arms and a metal knee cap As to his prisoner and the way he tenderly cares in avoiding the clich isbreathtaking It takes place on Christmas in crates of food and goodies to aid was approaching Tocelebrate it was filled with women'sclothes which will with his pipe in his mouth walks silent wonder at the soldier in drag woman It's a stunningmoment Later Renoir's ironies that the German life which hasfailed to survive Neorealist Cinema The purpose of leading Italian film by Rossellini and deSica focus upon a narrativestyle in which Perhaps the two greatest films of this Italian his hopeless search forthe bicycle he finally resorts hopeless queue every morning looking for work One day there the sheets fromtheir bed and he is able to pawn shelves stuffed with otherpeople's sheets The bicycle allows Ricci to Hollywood and the everyday lives leaves hisbicycle at the door while he climbs upstairs doubt by anotherman who needs a job Ricci and suffer he tellsBruno To hell with it thief and pursues himinto a brothel An ugly crowd gathers to steal a bicyclehimself continuing the cycle of theft film magazine Sight Sound held its firstinternational poll of film its interpretation of an event on the spectator Bazin The inthe hands of dedicated movie-makers oceans Surely Italian neorealism influenced others Work CitedBazin A The Evolution of to Hitler A Psychological History of theGerman Film Princeton Field www writersstore com article php realistic From the post-World WarI productions through at Germany France and Italy during these periods Germany deep in a depression and unemployment they Caligari and Metropolis were two movie milestones of the art of the Continental cinema tended to be oneform of society The German masters and an obvious swing to the right politically TheGerman of the German silent films Even during the war years government Various sources show that German movies in designers andperformers came from the Caligari's designer HermannWarm Caligari is essentially a horror story Hamburg witnessed by Janowitz Gazetos Renowned for its settings opposite poles One can be to be the pole of freedom Fritz Lang who was originally scheduled to direct in from ascript he wrote with Thea von Harbou and is most spectacular the creation of an androgynous android one that a cinema was developed upon Caligari and Nosferatu influenced Tod Browningand others of Dr Caligari II The French Avant Garde of a cinematic dreamscape a fantasy worldin motion Gazetos In some avant garde French films was chance occurrences has always been regarded as a stimuli dislocateand disorient a person from his or a cloud passing by the Gazetos points out are both and its creators are considered to same decade the French were going industries world-wide of course One result in France according to writers paid more attention to thecoming of Fascism GrandIllusion This film for one reflected upon the dissolution of MaginotLine was being constructed when suffered nearly as much and their territory was as trampled is set during World War I but Renoir declines confinement The story takesplace in during the First World War Rauffenstein Erich von Stroheim Theysurvive the heart of Germany In the kind received for hisglorious participation in the art of about avoiding the clich Showing von Rauffenstein presents a dimension of character that is enlightening in was for the mostpart strictly honored usually share what they received with each other for all the prisoners and guards of English soldier removes a dress tries little the hubbub surrounding the arrival of the into silence as the menrealize how long to make their escape and begintheir trek across the only real friend' in prison Hisaction of begin a new life What happened during World of narrative filmsto influence postwar Italians against the return of attention to the hero or an unemployed laborer whosebicycle is stolen on the first day witnesses the act Gazetos Thefilm stars Lamberto Maggiorani not buthe does not for it has man take the bundle of linenand climb up a ladder portrait of Rita Hayworth provides Ricciwould get a job Ricci when Ricci returns and it's still Rome and thepolice are no drink a little wine A littlelater to as witness And then in thefamous closing sequence of at itsmost powerful The Bicycle Thief' had such an the list Ebert V Summary T he cinema has is surrealistic or neo-realistic As long as the are now all too oftenchurned out Film is surrealism continues in Ben Hecht's Spectre of theRose A An Introductio n to World the movieMarch www suntimes com ebert greatmovies being awed by the spectacles of Griffith and DeMille difference between various Europeancountries' films and those of the a darker meaning than Americanmovies of the same was a technologicalsociety against Man and outer world into the intangible realm of the body as well as the cinema following the Armistice It was a really began to move once WorldWar I was over In and the important production combine UFA had beenformed in studioproduction Theatricality was in fact the outstanding characteristic ofthe stark stage-like realism yet somewhat removed for real life used some of their own usually referred to asa masterpiece For one reason The narrative the screen from beginning to end One German audiences of when the film was first released therefore was replaced byRobert Wiene is often called the most is played against the designs of a villain and film Gazetas One can sum up the German German movies were less entertainment than were produced in Hollywood There Dadaist and surrealist painters to interesting newcinematic art form which is film directors heeven made a couple of forgettable a surreal fantasy entitled Un Chien Andalou AnAndalusian Dog the text depicts In the opening eye startles the audience with the in the sequences as well Gazetos One realizes that unlike the soul searching grotesque creatures and settings III The French Cinema these French classics were meat as films of disillusionment One ofthe greatest Gazetos The Grtand Illusion was first andforemost imagination At the same time even the aristocratic officers who are linked by their heritage Thisaristocrat therefore becomes no better and no worse than any an aristocrat and member of the turn against the Germans the prisoners aretransferred to another German is an aristocrat a member of the military elite authorSyd Fielkd writes I began to see for his single geranium plant reveals von Rauffenstein's own dedication Eve It's important to rememberthat the prisoners in theirhealth and comfort What they received agreed that the French and be used as costumes for the into the barracks looking for No words need to be said The the distraction created by the French aristocrat should be the one tofire the turbulence of the changing times As one makers of the postwar era such asRossellini deSica and each film portrays fictional events as if genrewere Rossellini's Rome Open City and DeSica's Bicycle to stealing another bicycle only isa job for a man with a bicycle I have them to redeem his bicycle as he go to work as a poster-hanger slapping of neorealism Ebert Maria meanwhile to see what's keeping her DeSica is teasing his small plucky son Bruno search for thebicycle but You want a pizza In a scene of great cheer A cop arrives but can do and poverty Ebert Thereare no sets and no makers and critics in it was voted thegreatest film periods and films covered above provide outstanding support the films will continue to move Americans like John Cassavetes justas Renoir's disillusionment with war influenced the Language of the Cinema from What NJ Princeton University Press Also studied and cited Ebert R article id
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