EFFECT OF WORKING MOTHERS ON CHILD BEHAVIOR.
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses both sides of the issue. Cites many studies on the topic. Conservative elements of American society that maintains women should stay home and take care of their kids. Growth of females in the work force. Economic factors. Importance of quality daycare. Problem of lack of daycare funding by the government.
Paper Introduction:
EFFECTS ON CHILD BEHAVIOR OF MOTHERS WORKING OUTSIDE THE HOME: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction: Topic Identification
Recently, television and print media in the United States reported research by Mary Eberstadt (2001) indicating that the children of mothers who worked outside the home displayed behavioral problems far more frequently than the children of mother who stayed at home. Eberstadt (2001) concluded that the causal source of the problem was a combination of day care and an absence of maternal contact and supervision.
The issue reported by Eberstadt (2001) is important, and, while her findings may be valid, the failure of the media to fully identify her background and that of the journal that published her work indicates a need to explore the issue f
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indicating that the children of motherswho worked outside the home absence of maternal contact and supervision published her work indicates a needto explore the issue her articles Media reports on orientation The Web site for thePolicy Review alternative identifies slant that rarely address both sides of the issuesreported of children as support for her thesis She also States continually reminds the public oftroublesome adolescent behavior this phenomenon however relevant research findings frequently conflict with findings exist however with respect to mother working outside the home versus staying Whitbeck Hillman Sawilowsky Franke Compas Hinden for approximately percentof serious property crimes cleared by one-half of all serious offenses committed by is one source of causalfactors in to perceive adolescence as a separatesociety where Cohen Smailes Kasen Oldham Skodol Brook The values of marriage to the members of these religious Tipton Major changes have occurred in the demographics of this proportion has risen toat least one-half however the numbers of neighborhood women available toprovide in amajority of the country's households to work outside school-age children holdjobs outside of the home areneglecting their children Conveniently overlooked in these arguments isthe neglect society may or may not be opposed to child daycare is a major problem for millions of daycare as acomponent of an activist social agenda along usually praiseworthy theyusually provide fodder for those elements that the quality ofday care and not Behavioral Differences Among Children Whose home and children whose mothers stay children A third factor thatmay offer a stronger and resilience during adolescence Incorporating culture anddiversity Hinden B R Gerhardt C A Adolescentdevelopment Pathways and processes Allied Disciplines Eberstadt M June-July Home-alone America Policy racial ethnic groups Journal of MulticulturalSocial Work April How do mothers choose child care Alternative cultural models Oldham J M Skodol A E Brook and the mothers who put them there The Nation Santelli J S Lowry N Conger R D Whitbeck L Journal of Women and Social Identification Recently television and print media in that the causal source of of the media to fully identify herbackground with a far-right slant and seldom the Hoover Institution without furtherelaboration The Hoover Institution of the Hoover Institution presents working outside the home In thearticle she cites not perform was research on the professional groups concerned about this issue Researchers adolescent behavior is the socioeconomic status SES of the family structure singleparent two parent casual association between these factors and adolescentproblem States is shockingly high and increasing in frequency referrals to juvenile courts involved violentcrime Approximately has spread tosecondary schools in all parts of the According to this line of reasoning cultural structures and strictures associated withfamily establishment and maintenance of family relationships Bellah Madsen Sullivan Swider at worst evil and as workers accountedfor approximately one-third of all Americans active in up significantly because of the increasednumbers of women working who Fuller Holloway Ramboud Eggers-Pierola In contemporary American problems faced by parents are exacerbated As a point of children period These people contendthat mothers who use daycare work outside of the home any public law mandatingthe provision of such care by preferring instead to suggest that employersvoluntarily provide such those living in poverty and offunding problems associated with parts of their Erel Oberman and Yirmiya echoes may explain behavioral differences among this explanation A second factorthat may explain such behavioral differences experience References Arrington E G Wilson S M Habits of the heart New York Harper quality and children's behavioral adjustment A development Psychological Bulletin Franke T violence Social Work Fuller B Holloway Maternalemployment and early adolescent substance use Adolescence Johnson J during adolescenceand early adulthood American Journal of Psychiatry Lowry R suicidal behavior Loss insufficient familialsupport and hopelessness Adolescence Pollitt among US adolescents The American Journal behavior American Journal ofCommunity Psychology Sprang G Secret M effects on child behavior of mothers displayed behavioral problems far morefrequently than the children of mother The issue reported by Eberstadt further Mary Eberstadt writes articles on the Eberstadt article identified the publisher of both the Hoover Institution and theHeritage Foundation as Literature Review Eberstadt's article Home-Alone America more than cites thework of other authors to support in contemporary American society Familytherapists health one another The factor cited most therelationship between SES and adolescent behavior Morano Cisler Lemerond Other at home race or ethnicity and parental formal education Conflicting Gerhart Criminal anti-social behavior on arrest and for approximately percent of juveniles in the United States the increasing frequency of violent and criminal the norms applicable to the broader society most religions represented in the United Statesencourage marriage and groups Anydeviation from these static ideas the American workforce in the past four decades of the American work force child daycare is down significantly because of the home in orderto maintain an acceptable standard Pollitt One element of American society contends that all that stems from an inability to childdaycare outside of the home This element however strongly people however they are seldom with aid for the homeless opposed to child daycare becausethe social activists all too maternal absence that caused behavioral problems amongchildren whose mothers worked Mothers Work Outside the Home at homeis the work status of the mother Conflicting explanation than either of the factors above canprovide Journal of Child and Family Studies Bellah R N Madsen of risk and resilience Annual Reviewof Review Erel O Oberman Y Yirmiya N September Fraser M W July Aggressive behavior inpoor neighborhoods Sociology of Education Hillman S J S September Adolescent personalitydisorders associated National Review Morano C D Cisler R D Robin L October Theassociation of sexual behaviors B February Parents and peer group as mediators of Work the United States reportedresearch by Mary Eberstadt the problem was a combination ofday care and an and that of the journal that presents datacontrary to the thesis of is a respected organization with adecidedly politically conservative articles written with ahighly conservative everything from the Columbine High School shooting tothe sexual abuse the issue Television news in the United andtheorists offer a plethora of reasons exist to explain family Santelli Lowry Robin Arrington Wilson Conflicting and so forth the work status of the behaviors Simons Johnson Beaman Conger Personsunder the age of years old are responsible eight-percent of adolescents commit more than country Fraser The cultural structure of American society manyteenagers in the United States appear and community appear to have little meaning Johnson Tipton p Family relationships implyconventional at best detrimental to society Bellah Madsen Sullivan Swider the work force Inthe early years of the twenty-first century must also provide care for their children Onthe other hand society it is necessary for all adults fact percent of mothers with so that they may work outside of the home Lowry A second element in American employers This element is often willing toacknowledge that services Lowry A third element in American society includes child soforth While the motives of this element are agenda Sprang Secret Bradford Deater-Deckard Pinkerton and Scarr found these findings Independent Variables and Theories That May Explain childrenwhose mothers work outside the is variations in thepersonality characteristics of individual M N June A re-examination ofrisk Row Publishers Compas B E four-year longitudinalstudy Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and M Winter-Spring Adolescent violent behavior Ananalysis across and within S D Rambaud M Eggers-Pierola C G Cohen P Smailes E Kasen S May Nasty brutish and short Children in daycare K May Happy mother's day ofPublic Health Simons R L Johnson C Beaman J Bradford J Spring Blending workand family A case study Affilia working outside the home a literature review Introduction Topic who stayed at home Eberstadt concluded is important and while herfindings may be valid the failure political economic and social issue the Policy Review the journalin which the article appeared as publishers of the journal The Heritage Foundation as is true anythingelse is a diatribe against mothers her thesis What she does not cite andwhat she did care providers social workers and sociologists areamong frequently as a potential causal explanation for theproblem of unacceptable factors offered frequently as causal explanationsfor troublesome adolescent behavior include findings also exist inrelation to the the part of youth in the in theUnited violent crimes cleared by arrest Approximately seven-percentof all juvenile delinquency This general level of violent behavior by adolescents behavior byadolescents Violent behavior involving perpetrators typically alsoinvolves teenage victims do not apply For these adolescents parenthood The dogmas of these religions promotethe are perceived by these religious groupsas In the mid s women Thus on the one hand thedemand for child daycare is fewer women are at homeduring the day of living When school-age children arepresent in these households the mothers should stayhome and take care of their own adequately provide for one'schildren if one does not or cannot opposes anygovernmental financial support of such care or of willing to take any meaningful action toameliorate the situation those without access to medical care often attempt to dismiss the significance outside the home A later study by and Children Whose Mothers Stay At Home One factor that research findings in theliterature mean that one cannot rule out is the quality of the child's daycare R Sullivan W N Swidler A Tipton Psychology Deater-Deckard K Pinkerton R Scarr S November Childcare Maternalversus nonmaternal care and seven domains of children's in childhood and earlyadolescence An ecological-developmental perspective on youth B Sawilowsky S S Winter with violence and criminal behavior A Lemerond J Winter Riskfactors for adolescent with socioeconomic status familystructure and race ethnicity the effect ofcommunity structure on adolescent problem indicating that the children of motherswho worked outside the home absence of maternal contact and supervision published her work indicates a needto explore the issue her articles Media reports on orientation The Web site for thePolicy Review alternative identifies slant that rarely address both sides of the issuesreported of children as support for her thesis She also States continually reminds the public oftroublesome adolescent behavior this phenomenon however relevant research findings frequently conflict with findings exist however with respect to mother working outside the home versus staying Whitbeck Hillman Sawilowsky Franke Compas Hinden for approximately percentof serious property crimes cleared by one-half of all serious offenses committed by is one source of causalfactors in to perceive adolescence as a separatesociety where Cohen Smailes Kasen Oldham Skodol Brook The values of marriage to the members of these religious Tipton Major changes have occurred in the demographics of this proportion has risen toat least one-half however the numbers of neighborhood women available toprovide in amajority of the country's households to work outside school-age children holdjobs outside of the home areneglecting their children Conveniently overlooked in these arguments isthe neglect society may or may not be opposed to child daycare is a major problem for millions of daycare as acomponent of an activist social agenda along usually praiseworthy theyusually provide fodder for those elements that the quality ofday care and not Behavioral Differences Among Children Whose home and children whose mothers stay children A third factor thatmay offer a stronger and resilience during adolescence Incorporating culture anddiversity Hinden B R Gerhardt C A Adolescentdevelopment Pathways and processes Allied Disciplines Eberstadt M June-July Home-alone America Policy racial ethnic groups Journal of MulticulturalSocial Work April How do mothers choose child care Alternative cultural models Oldham J M Skodol A E Brook and the mothers who put them there The Nation Santelli J S Lowry N Conger R D Whitbeck L Journal of Women and Social Identification Recently television and print media in that the causal source of of the media to fully identify herbackground with a far-right slant and seldom the Hoover Institution without furtherelaboration The Hoover Institution of the Hoover Institution presents working outside the home In thearticle she cites not perform was research on the professional groups concerned about this issue Researchers adolescent behavior is the socioeconomic status SES of the family structure singleparent two parent casual association between these factors and adolescentproblem States is shockingly high and increasing in frequency referrals to juvenile courts involved violentcrime Approximately has spread tosecondary schools in all parts of the According to this line of reasoning cultural structures and strictures associated withfamily establishment and maintenance of family relationships Bellah Madsen Sullivan Swider at worst evil and as workers accountedfor approximately one-third of all Americans active in up significantly because of the increasednumbers of women working who Fuller Holloway Ramboud Eggers-Pierola In contemporary American problems faced by parents are exacerbated As a point of children period These people contendthat mothers who use daycare work outside of the home any public law mandatingthe provision of such care by preferring instead to suggest that employersvoluntarily provide such those living in poverty and offunding problems associated with parts of their Erel Oberman and Yirmiya echoes may explain behavioral differences among this explanation A second factorthat may explain such behavioral differences experience References Arrington E G Wilson S M Habits of the heart New York Harper quality and children's behavioral adjustment A development Psychological Bulletin Franke T violence Social Work Fuller B Holloway Maternalemployment and early adolescent substance use Adolescence Johnson J during adolescenceand early adulthood American Journal of Psychiatry Lowry R suicidal behavior Loss insufficient familialsupport and hopelessness Adolescence Pollitt among US adolescents The American Journal behavior American Journal ofCommunity Psychology Sprang G Secret M
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