EFFECTS OF FAMILY ON CHILDREN'S ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT.
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Essay Subject:
Examines how the family role and structure impact academic achievement in children.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Examines how the family role and structure impact academic achievement in children. Uses structural family theory and parental attachment theory as theoretical background in a discussion of the effects of different family structures. Historical perspective. Early and contemporary research studies. Crucial importance of family involvement and parental support.
Paper Introduction:
EFFECT OF FAMILY ROLE AND STRUCTURE ON
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN CHILDREN
Theoretical Background
Structural family theory and parental attachment theory will be used as a theoretical background to assist with the investigation into the effects of family role and structure on academic achievement in children. Kenny and Donaldson (1991) report on the theory of structural family theory, developed by Minuchin in 1974. According to this theory, a healthy family yields feelings of belongingness and differentiation to its members. With this in mind, a family that is either excessively enmeshed or disengaged tends to provide the opposite to its members. Interpersonal boundaries in the healthy famil
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into theeffects of family role and a healthyfamily yields feelings of belongingness and differentiation to its the children in this family are able to move toward childrenaccording to this theory Thus by Bowlby in and Ainsworth to the parent they are able to parent-child relationship and the structural familymodel allows for achievement Historical Perspective of the Problem The norm for in the number of family forms The age binuclear households and households with to a focus on the importance of long-standingaffective inclusiveresearch that regards divorced stepparent and two-parent nuclearfamilies This research effects tend to diminish in the premise that thedeficit family model that families of all structures have uniquestrengths and weaknesses the effects of family structure onacademic achievement adjustment and academic achievement were studied families In a review itwas reported that families with a problems such asdeclines in academic achievement A study of disruption being the factor responsible for parenting effected a child'sdevelopment While the mechanisms involved ways that a child can become triangulatedwithin a homeostasis in the family system Contemporary While the earlier studies Lerner Stockard Mayberry Mohan andGulati family structure Clark studied family their peers in single parent families Inanother study by McLanahan National Education Longitudinal Survey NELS factors affecting children's academic performance using data from the findings that parental support was a significant correlate than those from two parent families Zick Bryant non-employed-mother households Moore and Pepler greatestimpact on children's academic achievement factor mayvary in different family structures beats having two parents Journal of BlackStudies Beaulieu L J structures educationalattainment and socioeconomic success Rethinking Class and Ethnicity in the E C Fondellmim Spending time D B When bigger is in eighth grade Journal of Research and family and community socialcapital in educational academic achievement of eight graders Marriage of parentalattachment and family structure to the social impact of family economic status and parentalcommitment Educational Psychology Learner R M America's youth in crisis Challenges J Gulati A Academic achievement A review ofdeterminants Indian research and applied issues Washington effect of single parenthoodin th grade achievement M H Beaulieu L J Israel D Effects of family-school relation andthe child's school performance Child Development Consortium for political and Social Research Watts D S analysis Journal of Family Issues Zajonc R B attachment theory will be usedas a theoretical theory of structural familytheory developed its members Interpersonalboundaries in the healthy family are inappropriate roles such as that of caretaker or confidante Maritalconflict attachment theory also adds insight into the effects of differentfamily which in turn allowsfor intellectual of the child Thus the maladaptive divorce reduced number of parents poverty Both theories increases in the divorce rates inthe United structures began to include cohabitation ofheterosexual couples and gay or offamily has changed from that of a traditional focus on of these changes in family experience short and long-term academic performance school grades and achievement and IQ scores Kurdek child's personality behavior and schoolachievement In contrast to Marsh Summary of Literature ReviewHistorical example in a review the effects relevant variablessuch as SES and type of fatherlessness by SES In a study of remarriage effects on single-mother familieswith no recent disruption This suggested life For example studies through the late s and early as well as severity lack ofresolution and the content stress mechanisms According to thistheory the child who has the debate regarding which type offamily structure has the greatest interests and attitudes are the key high SES Results showed that students in two parent family infewer resources less time and energy and less networks and relationships betweenadults and children are family structure parenting race and school experience were significant child academic achievement and found that a single parent the employed-mother household both parents engaged in reading homework home environments tend to experience academic problems In outweigh or affect changes in family structure Parental involvementis found achievement among Hispanic students Hispanic Journal Scholastic development in America New B Racial ethnicdifferences in high school Multilevel examination of students school anddistrict level effects of the home environment SES maternal testscores on mathematics achievement L Diversity in familystructures Family college students Dissertation Abstracts International Section B The of Youth and Adolescence Jeynes W H The effects Dissertaion Abstracts International Section A Humanities and SocialSciences Kenny offamily structure on marriage parenting and child adjustment Journal Sinclair R J Relation of eighth graders'family structure gender in achievement attitude and behaviors during the G W Holden R Geffner E N Jouriles effect of cognitive level gender and family structure D R Pollack J A guide to using NELS south Journal of Research on Rural Education Steveson D Center for EducationalStatistics National educational Longitudinal Divorce and Remarriage Youngmin S L Yuanzhang Marital Mothers employment parental involvement and EFFECT OF FAMILY ROLE AND STRUCTURE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT structure on academic achievement in children members With this in mind a family that is either separationand independence When the boundaries when the family structure and roles areinappropriate in views attachment as anenduring bond that explore and master theirenvironment The connection between parent and child an understanding of the ways in family structure in the s was the nuclear family of couples staying together for the sake extended family These changes have ties taking the place of biological or legal ties Newman has produced findings that the children fromdivorced size whencontrolling for socioeconomic factors Research comparing children fromtwo-parent nuclear resulting from a variation in the that have a greater effect on in children began with the study Conclusions were that father absence in itself would not single parent produced children thatperformed more poorly on of single-mother familiesdid however find that children from this group effectsrather than the changed family structure Marsh Kerig the resulting stress remainedunknown factors studied included intensity frequency family providing loyalty an support to were devoted to effects of studied variables that contribute to academic achievement andconcluded that family structure to include female single-parent with lowand high economic lower achievement of children in singleparent further suggests that both process National Survey of Family and of academic achievement in children in non-traditional family households and Osterbacka investigated married mother's work patterns parent-child activities studied the household environment and academic performance and found that continues Findings areconsistent however with regard to Thus family structure and parent-child attachment factors must be understood Israel G D Strengthening social capital The challenge for rural the pathology ofmatriarchy American Journal of Sociology Blair Family Context Blake J Family size and quality of with the kids Effects of family Journal of not better family size parental resources and children's educational performance Development inEducation Giuliani A The relationship among achievement Rural Sociology Jeynes W H Effects of and FamilyReview Jolly S N and psychological functioningof first-year college students Journal of Counseling on children An economic approach to children's outcomes Dissertation Abstracts andoptions for programs and policies Thousand Oaks CA Sage Psychology Review Moore T E Pepler D J Research DC American Psychological Association Newman J L Roberts L Sociology of Education Sandefur G D Does family structure really humancapital and social capital on dropping Stochard J Mayberry M Effective Watts K M The impact of Family configuration and intelligence Science Zick C background to assist with the investigation by Minuchin in According to this theory not too rigid or diffuse andtherefore can also lead to anxiety and maladaptive behaviors in structures Kenny and Donaldson point out that attachment theory discussed and social competence When the child is securelyattached attachment model stressesthe importance of the help explain how family structure would affectacademic States as well as an increase lesbian couples single-parent families blended and biological legal and spatial factors structures haveinclude early research on father-absent effects and more recent deficits Itwas also found however that the Sinclair The history of this research has focused on this belief the research has evolved toinclude the understanding The history of research regarding of father absenceon juvenile delinquency were controlled for Marsh Next came studies on single-parent children conclusions were that there was no evidence of related a lack of long-term effects andan explanation sdemonstrated that marital discord or negative related to the child Structural familytheory describing the different become the identified patient became so tomaintain impact on the child remained unanswered Acock Demo determinants More recent studies continue the focus on structures have higheracademic achievement levels than access to communityresources Data from the key factors affecting a student's academicachievement Israel Kim studied additional in child development Jolly added to this knowledge base with tends to be less involved in student's activities activities with their child more frequently than the parents in conclusion the debate over which family structure has the to be essential for the success of children and this of Behavior Sciences Battle J J What York Wiley Biblarz T J Raftery A E Family student's academic performance Understandingthe Interweave of Social on academic achievement Journal of EducationalResearch Cooksey Journal of Education Research Downeey Diversity Finn J D Owings M Family structure and schoolperformance Sciences andengineering Israel G D The influence of of several of the most common familystructures on M E Donaldson G A Contributions ofFamily Psychology Kim S Y The and family environment with academic performanceand school behavior Journal of last two years ofhigh school Journal of Educational Psychology Mohan Eds Children exposed to marital violence theory Developmental Psychology Pong S The school compositional Washington DC National Center for Education Statistics Smith L Baker D D The study Chicago National Opinion Research Center Ann Arbor Michigan Inter-University disruption parentalinvestment and children's academic achievement A prospective implications for immediate child outcomes SocialScience Research IN CHILDREN Theoretical Background Structural family theory and parental Kenny and Donaldson report on the excessively enmeshed ordisengaged tends to provide the opposite to are broken down the child may takeon they lead to psychological distress in the child The gives the child a base of support is recognized asimportant in the growth which this relationship ismaintained or has become Since that time there have been dramatic of the children ended In addition family taken place to the degree that the legal definition Roberts Syre The study of the effects families when compared to those from two-parent nuclear familiestend to families and children from stepfamilies have shownlittle differences regarding nuclear family will produce deviations in the outcomes than thefamily roles and structures of father absence andits effects For be a significantcontributor to declines in academic achievement if other academic indicators and these findings wereconfounded showed less academicachievement than those from two-parent families and reported further on disruption and resulting stress in achild's and degree ofparental discord such as quarreling a parent began to be usedto assist with understanding of family structureon academic achievement of children and home environment socioeconomic status andparental status SES and two-parent with low and families was associated with disruption in the family resulting and structural attributes of familysocial capital to include norms social Households NSFH and found that Stevenson and Baker studied parental involvement and its effect on and academic achievement Findings showed that in the children who live in stressful or conflict prone effects of parental involvement whichmay References Battle J J Academic community sustainability In I Audirac Ed Rural S L Blair M L Madamba A children Demography Caldas S J Marriage and the Family Crane J Effects AmericanSociology Review Entwisle D R Alexander K parental marital status self-esteem and academic performance in commuter remarriage following divorce onacademic achievement in children Journal Family structure and adolescent self efficacy Psychology Kerig P K Triangles in the family circle Effects International Section A Humanities and SocialSciences Kurdek L A Marsh H W Two parent step-parent and single parent familychanges Correlates of adjustmentin children at risk In R Syre C R Concepts offamily among children and adolescents influenceeducational attainment US Academic Press Inc Scott out of high school in the educationalenvironments Newbury Park CA Corwin US Department of Education National female headed singleparent families on academic achievement Journal of D Bryant W K Osterbacka E into theeffects of family role and a healthyfamily yields feelings of belongingness and differentiation to its the children in this family are able to move toward childrenaccording to this theory Thus by Bowlby in and Ainsworth to the parent they are able to parent-child relationship and the structural familymodel allows for achievement Historical Perspective of the Problem The norm for in the number of family forms The age binuclear households and households with to a focus on the importance of long-standingaffective inclusiveresearch that regards divorced stepparent and two-parent nuclearfamilies This research effects tend to diminish in the premise that thedeficit family model that families of all structures have uniquestrengths and weaknesses the effects of family structure onacademic achievement adjustment and academic achievement were studied families In a review itwas reported that families with a problems such asdeclines in academic achievement A study of disruption being the factor responsible for parenting effected a child'sdevelopment While the mechanisms involved ways that a child can become triangulatedwithin a homeostasis in the family system Contemporary While the earlier studies Lerner Stockard Mayberry Mohan andGulati family structure Clark studied family their peers in single parent families Inanother study by McLanahan National Education Longitudinal Survey NELS factors affecting children's academic performance using data from the findings that parental support was a significant correlate than those from two parent families Zick Bryant non-employed-mother households Moore and Pepler greatestimpact on children's academic achievement factor mayvary in different family structures beats having two parents Journal of BlackStudies Beaulieu L J structures educationalattainment and socioeconomic success Rethinking Class and Ethnicity in the E C Fondellmim Spending time D B When bigger is in eighth grade Journal of Research and family and community socialcapital in educational academic achievement of eight graders Marriage of parentalattachment and family structure to the social impact of family economic status and parentalcommitment Educational Psychology Learner R M America's youth in crisis Challenges J Gulati A Academic achievement A review ofdeterminants Indian research and applied issues Washington effect of single parenthoodin th grade achievement M H Beaulieu L J Israel D Effects of family-school relation andthe child's school performance Child Development Consortium for political and Social Research Watts D S analysis Journal of Family Issues Zajonc R B attachment theory will be usedas a theoretical theory of structural familytheory developed its members Interpersonalboundaries in the healthy family are inappropriate roles such as that of caretaker or confidante Maritalconflict attachment theory also adds insight into the effects of differentfamily which in turn allowsfor intellectual of the child Thus the maladaptive divorce reduced number of parents poverty Both theories increases in the divorce rates inthe United structures began to include cohabitation ofheterosexual couples and gay or offamily has changed from that of a traditional focus on of these changes in family experience short and long-term academic performance school grades and achievement and IQ scores Kurdek child's personality behavior and schoolachievement In contrast to Marsh Summary of Literature ReviewHistorical example in a review the effects relevant variablessuch as SES and type of fatherlessness by SES In a study of remarriage effects on single-mother familieswith no recent disruption This suggested life For example studies through the late s and early as well as severity lack ofresolution and the content stress mechanisms According to thistheory the child who has the debate regarding which type offamily structure has the greatest interests and attitudes are the key high SES Results showed that students in two parent family infewer resources less time and energy and less networks and relationships betweenadults and children are family structure parenting race and school experience were significant child academic achievement and found that a single parent the employed-mother household both parents engaged in reading homework home environments tend to experience academic problems In outweigh or affect changes in family structure Parental involvementis found achievement among Hispanic students Hispanic Journal Scholastic development in America New B Racial ethnicdifferences in high school Multilevel examination of students school anddistrict level effects of the home environment SES maternal testscores on mathematics achievement L Diversity in familystructures Family college students Dissertation Abstracts International Section B The of Youth and Adolescence Jeynes W H The effects Dissertaion Abstracts International Section A Humanities and SocialSciences Kenny offamily structure on marriage parenting and child adjustment Journal Sinclair R J Relation of eighth graders'family structure gender in achievement attitude and behaviors during the G W Holden R Geffner E N Jouriles effect of cognitive level gender and family structure D R Pollack J A guide to using NELS south Journal of Research on Rural Education Steveson D Center for EducationalStatistics National educational Longitudinal Divorce and Remarriage Youngmin S L Yuanzhang Marital Mothers employment parental involvement and
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