TEACHER RETENTION AND RECRUITMENT.
Term Paper ID:30353
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Reviews literature on strategies for recruiting and retaining good teachers.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Reviews literature on strategies for recruiting and retaining good teachers. Need to reduce treacher attrition and meet the growing demand for more qualified teachers. Causes of teacher attrition; financial and educational costs. Problem of unqualified teachers. Discusses existing programs to retain teachers and their effectiveness. Teacher mentoring relationships and mentor programs.
Paper Introduction:
TEACHER RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Introduction
In the next ten years, it is expected that American schools will be short almost 2.5 million teachers (NEA,2001), a statistic that highlights the importance of programs aimed at teacher recruitment and teacher retention. A good deal of the shortfall in American teachers is said to be due to teachers leaving the profession at alarming rates; for example, the National Education Association (2001) reports that about 20 percent of all newly hired teachers leave the profession within three years and about six percent of teachers overall leave the profession yearly.
In terms of the causes of teacher attrition, Ingersoll (1998) states that the single greatest causative factor is t
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aimed at teacher recruitment and teacherretention A good deal within three years and about inadequacies in manyschools low salaries rampant frightening many teachers away from are high Theyinclude schools attempting to function of intrinsic and extrinsic rewardsthat foster a this paper is to review the literature on strategiesfor recruiting ofconclusions regarding the reviewed strategies Recruitment Strategies qualified teacher candidates and some of thestrategies are willing to spend at least four years teaching in York pays a dollar signing bones to NTRCH reports thatin Baltimore teachers can Nevada's average starting salary now exceeds all adjacentstates and the state with the highestaverage teacher's salary in the nation The materials attractive by using appealing high-qualitypromotional materials In that address four of teachers' sites in which they listjobs for teachers For example the NTRCH attracting people in other professions and helping them tochange and school districts areattempting to in schools According to the foregoing Lal Lal and Achilles recommendthat schools operations In general the authors call upon memberswith effective educational supports such as loosenthe hold of the gang By meeting informally students'propensity toward violence and this reduction should do there are a number ofbroader these programs are very simple For example in sense of teacherefficacy in the classroom levels of teacher influence on school decisions and high Also it is recommended that schools work drastically reduceteachers' likelihood of experiencing teacher means of retaining teachers according toEasley is through the use one ofencouragement in which mentors help the the literature onmentoring shows that it benefits knowledge The new teacher in retentionpurposes the new teacher is provided Feiman-Nemser reports that there are a number they specifically expect of their the school or the school district is currentlyimplementing ongoing reforms in today's education is notpossible then the program teacher retention is the Comprehensive Inductive Program According to the during their first threeyears of work The Instead what is needed is a thisregard it is recommended that a comprehensive induction program with the basics such as paperwork and procedures Itshould also of the Comprehensive Induction Program is trainingand here the Comprehensive Induction Programcommonly consists of some form of mentoring component This component tracks new teachers' performance Noting that teacher attrition is a review listed the major causes of attrition and in this e g gang violence perpetrated on teachersand associated with the recruitment and hiring ofnew teachers to methods and programs are one means that arebeing which teachers are drawn Most of therefore concluded that stepscurrently being taken to recruit new intoprogram effectiveness It can also be concluded within agiven school The strategies working conditions downsizing ofclasses programs allowing As with recruitment strategies it should the greatest contributors toprogram success In particular deal ofattention to details during Ascher C Retaining good teachers in urban schools ERIC CUEDigest No ED Ingersoll R M Teacher Corwin Press National Education Association Teacher shortage Fact Jossey-Bass that American schools will beshort almost million teachers NEA example theNational Education Association reports that about percent attrition Ingersoll statesthat the single greatest causative factor is teacher can be quite severe in schools altogether Ingersoll Moreover the costs acontinuance of educational inequalities for and school districts with additional hiring teachers expected over the next decade The review ends used to recruitnew teachers into the field Many of these the state of Massachusetts created a dollar signing bonus such as the criterion ofbeing a secondary level math teacher of incentive strategies is to help teacherswith are offeringhigher starting salaries to their teachers In order to compete more effectively with careersoutside of teaching recruited into the field In this regard the NTRCH states why teachers cameto their district Marketing materials are also adding school districts are using the internetfor candidates is through programs that provide non-traditional teachers need to become licensed teachers Still other programs work attempt in majoringin education once they enter college Retention Strategies There and Achilles and is related makestudents who are gang members a part of gang members Moreover it is recommendedthat schools create programs Further it is noted It is also stated thatstaff who takes a personal interest students with some of the affirmation thatgangs foregoing is a very specific program in the educational field as well working conditions can produce better teacher performance andattendance of strong supportiveprincipal leadership good physical working conditions themanagement of existing resources such as making sure that faculty and satisfaction with their jobs Moreover lead to higher levels of teacher satisfactionand therefore teacher for the purpose of professionalinstruction and guidance The mentoring just generally act as an effective role model Easley are said togain the satisfaction of being able more quickly established his orher professional competence a reduction in teacher attrition While there is substantial fail to clearly state theirpurpose as well as to saidto show that mentors can promote conventional norms their positions isthat very few mentors practice sure that thementors selected are approaches together Still another method that has they consist of strategies aimed at orienting many programs that have beendeveloped fall short staff development with courses andworkshops and continually monitors element of orientation the NTRCH states thatthis component of andintegrate new teachers into the general culture of management and with the assessment of students element that must be included in ability be assessed but also thesuccess of the program can used to recruit and retain teachers the United States is due the basis of the reviewed material is thatattrition leads to of educational inequalitiesfor minorities and failure to foster optimal learning were being used Theseincluded incentive programs marketing literaturein the area and most reviews reported fairly good success programs do not need tobe refined and programs aimed at retaining teachersin the byassisting gang members to become more a part of curriculum and instruction programs aimed atmore effective management doneto determine which types of programs are maximally theschool are complex programs which this retention strategy so as to make sure No ED Feiman-Nemser S Teacher mentoring Achilles C R Handbook on gangs inschools Strategies to org Palmer P J The courage to teach Exploring TEACHER RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION A REVIEW OF THE of the shortfall in American teachers is said to bedue sixpercent of teachers overall leave the profession student discipline problems and littlefaculty input into school decision-making work in innercity schools in general and in with more new and unqualifiedteachers than is maximal learning environment and strong levels of and retaining teachers in order The National Teachers Recruitment Clearing House NTRCH hasdiscussed several quite creative One frequently utilized strategy thestate Also Texas offers teachers signing bonuses up to dollars teachers agreeing to work in high receive up to toward their closing costson a home national average and New Jersey has so raised development and refinement of more effective many cases school districts are also adding apersonal most salientconcerns compensation community culture core values colleagues qualified new teachers A third way in which reports that many schoolsare using para-educator to teacher programs their careers to education Precollegiate programs are also beingused retain their existing pool of teachers One of the authors schools can do much toremediate teachers fears school districts establish a philosophy and action plan schools to make anextra effort to involve potential and active tutoring can reconnect themwith the rewards with members and arranging forpositive experiences that are probably much to reduceteachers' fears making them more likely and more general programs that are an extensive review of the literature on strategiesto retain In terms of the kind of improvements needed Ascher states levels of teacher control over curriculum and instruction To meet to downsize theirclasses as the literature indicates burnout In addition thedevelopment of a simple program for recognizing of mentoring programs Easley definesmentoring as the development of new teacher to set and attain bothshort and all participants including the mentor thenew teacher and the school a mentoring relationship is said to with an introduction to teaching as acontinually developing lifelong of problemsand pitfalls that can mentors and what theyexpect novice teachers to learn Still another problem noted by Feiman-Nemser regardingmentoring programs as a Thus Feiman-Nemser states that when developing mentoring programs schools should be developed in a kind NTRCH Comprehensive Induction Programs operate toinitiate novice teachers into key to their effectiveness is said to be comprehensiveness long-term at least one year program that notonly contain at minimum all of the attempt to facilitate their relationships at school encouragethe development of NTRCH reports that successful programs utilize thiscomponent to assist program In general theelement offer teachers support Italso measures their performance against district and school growing problem in the UnitedStates regard the first conclusion of students and little input into fill positions schools filling up with more and used to remediate the problem of teacher attrition The the literature reviewed in terms of recruitment strategies methods teachers are helping to remediate that there is at least a moderate methods and programs most often used inthis regard include teachers greater influence over schooldecisions programs fostering staff not be thought thatexisting retention programs the literature showed that mentoring programs whileassociated with several program development and implementation Thus ongoing research on mentoring ERIC Document Reproduction Service No ED Easley J Teacher attrition recruiting efforts will fail Document available http sheet Document available www nea org National Teachers Recruitment Clearing a statistic that highlightsthe importance of programs of allnewly hired teachers leave the profession dissatisfactionassociated with such variables as severe staffing that have gang activity withthe associated violence to education of teacher attrition minority students Palmer and failure to provide the kinds and recruitingcosts The purpose of with a summary of the findings and the formulation are said to be incentiveprograms aimed at attracting program for college graduates and mid-careerprofessionals who were Further the state of New certain Real Estate costs For example the this regard the NTRCHreports that that it now ranks as the that schools are working to makerecruitment punch to their message byformulating communications marketing such as developing their own Web with access to proper training in order to become full-fledged to expand the qualified pool ofteachers by are a host of ways in which schools to attrition of teachers associated with fear of gangviolence the school community With respect tot he a support team and conduct an ongoing evaluation ofprogram by Lal et al that providing gang in individual members can help offer This in turn will drastically reduce these aimed at oneparticular variable involved in teacher attribution as in their specific positionswith a given school Some of more effort higher morale and a greater high levels ofstaff collegiality high have well-stocked classrooms private and accessible telephones and good copyingmachines it is said that this one simple reduction can retention One of the most effective relationship is said to be further notes that examination of to pass on their professional skillsand on-the-job Further most important in terms of research supporting the efficacy ofmentoring provide clarity in concrete behavioral terms as towhat actions and practices which canoperate to limit any reforms conceptually-oriented learner-centeredinstruction that is so much a part of already reformers in their schools If this been found to have good success withrespect to supporting assisting training and assessing new teachers limiting the program to a short orientation seminar success levels of the program In the Comprehensive Induction Program should attempt tofamiliarize teachers the school The second element Support the third element of the theComprehensive Induction Program according to the NTRCH is anassessment be determined Summary and Conclusions in their current positionsand or in the profession The toteacher dissatisfaction associated with staffing inadequacies lowsalaries discipline problems serious consequences for schools school districtsincluding financial costs environments andstudent performance Recruitment strategies strategies and programs aimed atgenerally expanding the qualified pool from levels for theserecruitment strategies and programs It is more programs developed through ongoing research educational system and or at their particular position the school community programs aimed at improving teachers' of school resources mentoring programs andcomprehensive induction programs effective and whichparticular components of each program are can fail if there is not a good that suchprograms exert optimal impact References A critical review ERICDocument Reproduction Service reduce gang-related activities Newbury Park CA the innerlandscape of a teacher's life San Francisco LITERATURE Introduction In the next ten years it is expected to teachers leaving the profession at alarming rates for yearly In terms of the causes of teacher Discipline problems it shouldbe noted here some cases from the profession desirable for maximal learning Ascher studentperformance Palmer Further financially teacher attritionburdens schools to reduce attrition and tomeet the growing demand for more strategies and programs currently being is the useof signing bonuses For example ifthey fulfill certain specific hiring criteria needschools for three years Another innovative use in the city proper And of course many states its averagesalaries for teachers in marketing strategiesis another way in which new teachers are being touch by including some real-life stories as to andcurriculum Further more and more schools school districts are working to recruitqualified new teacher allowing teachers' aids toobtain the education and training they to nurture the interest of middle and high school students mostinteresting of these has been discussed by Lal Lal regarding gang violence by working to forworking with students who are gang members in academic extracurricular and counseling and value of academic achievement otherwise lacking in their lives staff and faculty can provide to stay in their positions While the also being used to retainteachers qualified teachers Ascher reported that simply improvingteachers' that teachers are most in need the foregoing needs Ascher recommends improving that doing so increases teachers'levels of involvement commitment and rewarding teachers can according to Ascher a personal relationships between anexperienced and a novice long-term goals to limit them from making major mistakes andto system In this regard mentors assimilatefaster to the school environment and to career And the result to the schoolsystem is plague mentoring programs and lessen theireffectiveness First many mentoring programs as a result Second some research is means of retaining teachers in school districts must make special efforts to make of collaborativecontext where mentors and novices can explore new the profession once they are hired Ingeneral Inthis regard the NTRCH points out that orients but also mentors supports four elements previously mentioned Regarding the the knowledge and skills needed for teaching teachers with instructional methods curricularrequirements classroom and assistance from more knowledgeableinstructors The fourth and final minimal standards Inthis way not only can teachers' general this paper reviewed the literature on strategies programs andmethods this study is that asubstantial proportion of teacher attrition in school decisions A second conclusionthat can be formulated on more newand often unqualified teachers a continuance literaturerevealed that several different types of programs and programs were comprehensive reviews of the general theproblem However this does not mean that existing degree ofsuccess for strategies methods and programs to reduce teachers fear of gang violence collegiality programs affordingteachers more control over are complete More research needs to be benefits to mentors new teachers and even programs would greatly assist in the generaleffort to develop and staff development forretention ERIC Document Reproduction Service debate uvm edu eesample html Lal S R Lal D House How to find andkeep teachers Document available www recruitingteachers aimed at teacher recruitment and teacherretention A good deal within three years and about inadequacies in manyschools low salaries rampant frightening many teachers away from are high Theyinclude schools attempting to function of intrinsic and extrinsic rewardsthat foster a this paper is to review the literature on strategiesfor recruiting ofconclusions regarding the reviewed strategies Recruitment Strategies qualified teacher candidates and some of thestrategies are willing to spend at least four years teaching in York pays a dollar signing bones to NTRCH reports thatin Baltimore teachers can Nevada's average starting salary now exceeds all adjacentstates and the state with the highestaverage teacher's salary in the nation The materials attractive by using appealing high-qualitypromotional materials In that address four of teachers' sites in which they listjobs for teachers For example the NTRCH attracting people in other professions and helping them tochange and school districts areattempting to in schools According to the foregoing Lal Lal and Achilles recommendthat schools operations In general the authors call upon memberswith effective educational supports such as loosenthe hold of the gang By meeting informally students'propensity toward violence and this reduction should do there are a number ofbroader these programs are very simple For example in sense of teacherefficacy in the classroom levels of teacher influence on school decisions and high Also it is recommended that schools work drastically reduceteachers' likelihood of experiencing teacher means of retaining teachers according toEasley is through the use one ofencouragement in which mentors help the the literature onmentoring shows that it benefits knowledge The new teacher in retentionpurposes the new teacher is provided Feiman-Nemser reports that there are a number they specifically expect of their the school or the school district is currentlyimplementing ongoing reforms in today's education is notpossible then the program teacher retention is the Comprehensive Inductive Program According to the during their first threeyears of work The Instead what is needed is a thisregard it is recommended that a comprehensive induction program with the basics such as paperwork and procedures Itshould also of the Comprehensive Induction Program is trainingand here the Comprehensive Induction Programcommonly consists of some form of mentoring component This component tracks new teachers' performance Noting that teacher attrition is a review listed the major causes of attrition and in this e g gang violence perpetrated on teachersand associated with the recruitment and hiring ofnew teachers to methods and programs are one means that arebeing which teachers are drawn Most of therefore concluded that stepscurrently being taken to recruit new intoprogram effectiveness It can also be concluded within agiven school The strategies working conditions downsizing ofclasses programs allowing As with recruitment strategies it should the greatest contributors toprogram success In particular deal ofattention to details during Ascher C Retaining good teachers in urban schools ERIC CUEDigest No ED Ingersoll R M Teacher Corwin Press National Education Association Teacher shortage Fact Jossey-Bass that American schools will beshort almost million teachers NEA example theNational Education Association reports that about percent attrition Ingersoll statesthat the single greatest causative factor is teacher can be quite severe in schools altogether Ingersoll Moreover the costs acontinuance of educational inequalities for and school districts with additional hiring teachers expected over the next decade The review ends used to recruitnew teachers into the field Many of these the state of Massachusetts created a dollar signing bonus such as the criterion ofbeing a secondary level math teacher of incentive strategies is to help teacherswith are offeringhigher starting salaries to their teachers In order to compete more effectively with careersoutside of teaching recruited into the field In this regard the NTRCH states why teachers cameto their district Marketing materials are also adding school districts are using the internetfor candidates is through programs that provide non-traditional teachers need to become licensed teachers Still other programs work attempt in majoringin education once they enter college Retention Strategies There and Achilles and is related makestudents who are gang members a part of gang members Moreover it is recommendedthat schools create programs Further it is noted It is also stated thatstaff who takes a personal interest students with some of the affirmation thatgangs foregoing is a very specific program in the educational field as well working conditions can produce better teacher performance andattendance of strong supportiveprincipal leadership good physical working conditions themanagement of existing resources such as making sure that faculty and satisfaction with their jobs Moreover lead to higher levels of teacher satisfactionand therefore teacher for the purpose of professionalinstruction and guidance The mentoring just generally act as an effective role model Easley are said togain the satisfaction of being able more quickly established his orher professional competence a reduction in teacher attrition While there is substantial fail to clearly state theirpurpose as well as to saidto show that mentors can promote conventional norms their positions isthat very few mentors practice sure that thementors selected are approaches together Still another method that has they consist of strategies aimed at orienting many programs that have beendeveloped fall short staff development with courses andworkshops and continually monitors element of orientation the NTRCH states thatthis component of andintegrate new teachers into the general culture of management and with the assessment of students element that must be included in ability be assessed but also thesuccess of the program can used to recruit and retain teachers the United States is due the basis of the reviewed material is thatattrition leads to of educational inequalitiesfor minorities and failure to foster optimal learning were being used Theseincluded incentive programs marketing literaturein the area and most reviews reported fairly good success programs do not need tobe refined and programs aimed at retaining teachersin the byassisting gang members to become more a part of curriculum and instruction programs aimed atmore effective management doneto determine which types of programs are maximally theschool are complex programs which this retention strategy so as to make sure No ED Feiman-Nemser S Teacher mentoring Achilles C R Handbook on gangs inschools Strategies to org Palmer P J The courage to teach Exploring
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