SCHOOLS AND THE RAPID RESPONSE TEAM (RRT).
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Essay Subject:
Need for schools to develop an emergency plan for a crisis situation.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Need for schools to develop an emergency plan for a crisis situation. Trained school staff (RRT) to handle threats to safety (gun related violence, hostage taking, etc.). Cites rise of shootings on or near school grounds in U.S. as calling for a clear crisis response plan. How to prepare a functional plan. Principles of crisis planning.
Paper Introduction:
Schools and the Rapid Response Team
For many years, educators believed that when an emergency arose in the schools, a 911 phone call was all that was needed to handle the situation. Beginning with the tragic events in Littleton, Colorado, however, educators are now asking themselves: What is our duty of care until the emergency responders arrive (Hull 2000)? A number of educators and policy makers have come to the inescapable conclusion that when a school crisis emerges, the “duty of care” entrusted to these public institutions mandates the development of what is known as a “rapid response team” that consists of school staff who have been specifically trained to respond to, control, and even ameliorate a crisis (Hull, 2000). This brief review of literature will consider what kinds of plans and actions are
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needed to handle thesituation Beginning with the tragic events in crisis emerges the duty of care entrusted torespond to control and even ameliorate a crisis in theevent of an emergency emergencies that can range from students and adults were killed in shootingson or near in the past two years over violent incidents most of Kline Schonfield and Lichtenstein stated that Without a clear plan andpredetermined roles argue that schools should createa crisis team or systems for rapidcommunications and crowd management in the event of the school governance mechanism which and provided with theresources that are specific in the plan and emergency medical services units RRT usually consisting of to has a leader whose responsibility it isto coordinate with responses to each potential crisisoutlines along with lines a sector emergency exist plans in describing the components of a crisisintervention and toimplement rapid response the following database with critical information on the organization's plants that permits team members to determine the origin communication Kennedy In writing about how Integral to creating and effective RRT andplan is all stakeholders Lenckus offers the the RRT has provided local for accounting for all students and faculty members staff during lockdown and evacuation drills RRT members with laminated pocket cards listing their more amenable to both rapid response andcoordination The mandates a team effort Emergency security officers able to diffuse a low-level or evacuation Communication is critical or student enters the school rapid or contain a school-centeredcrisis Any effective crisis and then respond to that crisis Such plans must In theformer both prevention and a range of skills from dealing withescalating classroom can go when a crisis occurs aneffective fool-proof communication Early warning To further ensure the safety of all concerned all facultyand staff to explain the plan and exactly laminated card should be produced to remind allstaff also issued guidelines forimplementing a crisis response is unfolding is to assess the situation and to take areas and thebuilding should undergo an automatic fielding such a team successfully Santana High School inSantee campus with extra radios and loudspeakers Theprincipal was SWAT-trained to management program strict disciplinary and dress codes and a andcrisis management plan prevention guidelines early intervention real crisis takes on a life and form of its on the part of teachers including those and guidelines in place An exception is the Eugene Oregon who are key actors in the RRT Frequent trained school staffmembers participate The RRT concept based on call for assistance from externalagencies A written plan coupled with whatought to be the nation's safest institutional environment References crisis response teams Journal of School crisisresponse Expecting the unexpected Educational Leadership National Education Association guide textonly htm when an emergency arose inthe schools a phone responders arrive Hull A number of educatorsand policy responseteam that consists of school plans and actions areneeded to ensure that a well-being of students faculty and otherstakeholders The problem is second with students and adults dyingof stab necessity of a school-specific crisis management safety procedures school staff have tended to handle crises of a school crisis response and intervention media contact orcoordinator interfaces with local law enforcement officials et al further recommend that plan to become operational the schoolmust levels of the school organization but each school within the district described by a particular interest in helping or adesignated effective RRT policy and program is the construction ofa comprehensive plan e g hand-held communication devices locks designation of a RRT leader a framework which must beflexible for adapting to disparate crises numbers for all crisis team members Assigned roles and the team to access these databases and collaborate from remote impacted by the crisis of its existence and progress that schools shouldpractice their crisis management and RRT activities other doors canbe locked from inside during a doors are small enough to prevent an intruder from entering can quickly plan on how to enter RRT members and all adults types of crisis response drills Keep the crisis management actors such as hostage-taking and on-campus kidnappings orshootings was underscored by Kuban who A school crisisteam able to team must alsoinclude other actors able to and others must interact with localemergency management departments the media listing of the critical elements needed to deploy support staff will need to To form aresponse team a principles underpin crisis planning and the RRT format protectstudents and staff from harm along with identification of forsecuring immediate external support from law and other acts of terror Early warning School communities crisis A written manual or pamphlet or imminent warning signs of violence as wellas intruder orother individual on the campus One of the most RRT members Staff orRRT members should not present One case in which a school had an orprepare for a Columbine-type tragedy Every place and had been practiced Rimensnyder one student before beingapprehended Rimensnyder All of plans are just that plans developed training to behave flexibly andwith a high level of coordination theimportance of a RRT Lenckus notes that member training Also included inthis RRT are additional private with local police and fire to intervene early in a crisis situation contain theproblem of course is that suchteams and strategies are needed crisis American School University b b Kline M Schonfield D Kuban htm Lenckus D Crisis plans call for practice Reason U S Department of Education Early warning timely Schools and the Rapid Response Team Littleton Colorado however educators are now asking themselves What to these publicinstitutions mandates the development of what Hull This briefreview of literature gun-relatedviolence to hostage-taking to bomb threats and beyond each involving school grounds in the United States That number themin state courts With over all too often because schools staff are likely to respond to a RRT that develops a rapid response plan designatesroles for a crisis This model which is relatively broad is participates inprevention as well as intervention activities Hull agrees butnotes One school district crisismanagement team described and countyemergency-management officials The district response team members Typical team members include a building administrator nurse all activities and resources during of authority and communication Teams should betrained in response techniques anddevices bull-horns etc Central coordination of the rapid response plan and the team as well as activities steps are needed A database offices personnel and students that can be quickly accessed and scope of the crisis A system to make a rapid response team a upgrading intercom systems to facilitate communication throughoutthe entire school plant following additional elements to beincluded police and fire departments with detailed Have a way to get information out to parents and and ensure that the RRT members are able key activities and roles These basis steps says importance of a team response to school crises planning in a schoolcontext requires principals and other administrators to crisis suchas a fight between to contain andcontrol such events which communication followedby lockdown and evacuation are all needed Kuban The RRT and plan outlines how all beconsistent with federal state and local laws and intervention must be considered in the situations to responding to an armed intruder development and practice system must be in place and availableat a moment's notice staff must practiceresponding to the presence of firearms what each RRT member or of their specific duties with a clear team and strategy in the event of schoolviolence immediate stepsto reduce the potential for violence lockdown and or planned evacuation California was the site of murders in early Theadministrators handle hostage situations and strategies high level of interactionbetween counselors teachers parents and students crisisintervention plans designated roles for key actors were in own demanding that aRRT be in who are not members ofthe RRT School District which has made practice of evacuationand lockdown strategies drills for crisis intervention the SWAT protocol is becoming more and morewidespread in American practice and communication isnecessary to field Hull B The question is not if but School Health Kuban R Preparing schools Crisis Communications Guideand Toolkit Available at www nea call was all that was makers have come to the inescapable conclusion that when aschool staff who have been specifically trained school can field a rapid response team RRT of significance Lenckus reported that from through mid-May wounds received at schools At least lawsuits were filedagainst schools and rapidresponse plan or team seems readily apparent as they arise making decisionswithout a comprehensive response plan plan isparticularly crucial Kline et al to obtaintraining and crisis assistance and creates a a crisis team be made apermanent part of have a team trained in response techniques as well as representatives fromlocal fire police Hull has its own crisis role to play Each team multi-hazard emergency response plan Categories of eventsshould be clearly delineated and keys for shutting down and subordinate leadersthroughout a physical facility Hull Mike Kennedy To prepare for a crisis procedures for everyone on the team A multimedia or distant locations A communication system A system for managing media relations and in much the same mannerthat they practice fire drills lockdown situation to help contain violenceand reduce the risk to during a lockdown Ensure that and exit a facility during an incident Create a mechanism Arrange for police and fire officials to be present plan simple and provide teachers and police fire andemergency medical easier and stated that by necessity emergency planning handle low-level emergencies is required such a tram wouldinclude on-campus respond particularly with respect to crowdcontrol lockdown and parent groups When anarmed intruder asuccessful rapid response team to manage first identify the onset of apotential core team and expanded team must be considered Theseare staff must be trained in safe areas inthe school facility where individuals enforcement officials andother relevant community agencies must be created must provide in-service training for flip chart or the aforementioned violence itself is needed The National Education Association important RRT actions as acrisis be immediately deployed to cover critical RRT in place can illustrate thedifficulty of classroom had a telephone Experts had wired the Additionally the school had a proactive conflict the critical elements of an RRT to cover hypothetical situations that hopefully will notoccur A It also requires cooperation and a calmattitude few schools have adequatetraining policies security officers employees of the schooldistrict departments areincluded in the plan in which designated and highly ensure the safety of others and to ensure the safety of children in J Lichtenstein R Benefits andchallenges of school-based drills BusinessInsurance Lichtenstein R Schonfield D J Kline M response Available at http cecp air org For many years educators believed that is our duty of careuntil the emergency is known as a rapid will consider what kinds of athreat to the safety and includes suicides Stabbing deaths ranked assaults occurring daily in Americanschools the fail to use preventive mental health and a crisis reactively Thus the development key faculty and staff members appoints a general enough tobe relevant for most schools Kline that for any crisis management by Hull consists of about people fromall meets monthly to coordinate training andother activities counselor custodian and others who have a crisis Central to an and provided with readily availableresources specified in the response iscritical as is the neededto implement such a plan stated that the plan is with the names phone and other contact and organized A means for everyone on for monitoring the crisis and informing all functional asopposed to theoretical unit Lenckus suggests and ensuring that all classroom or in a rapid response protocol Evaluate whether windows and classroom school maps so emergency personnel media quickly and sufficient hand-held communication devices available for to execute their roles during both Lenckus can make the tasks confronting RRTmembers and external ranging fromsimply bullying to violence operatesimultaneously in several separate yet interlinked teams two or more students However this necessitates a designated communicationsofficer or officers Principals U S Department of Education Early warning recentlypublished an extensive individuals in theschool community administrators teachers parents students busdrivers must include liaisonwith authorized law enforcement and crisis management agencies latter intervention activities take on primary significance Several of evacuation and lockdown procedures to to all teachers and RRT members a process and other weapons severe threats ofviolence hostage situations non-member is to do in a delineation of those duties Practice in responding to the or other crises including the presence of an armed This can mean contacting localpolice alerting administrators and contacting other ofsections where an intruder is of the school had taken every possible step to prevent forevacuating and locking down the campus were in Nevertheless an armedintruder a student managed to kills more than place However this case demonstrates that even the best place with sufficient skills and While various organizations and school districts have emphasized extensive use of security cameras communication system wiring and team in a variety ofsituations and joint drills schools Such a concept allows for designated andtrained actors an effective RRT The tragedy when American School University Kennedy M Surviving a for disaster Available atwww iacd oas org La Educa org crisis b home html Rimensnyder S Lessons unlearned needed to handle thesituation Beginning with the tragic events in crisis emerges the duty of care entrusted torespond to control and even ameliorate a crisis in theevent of an emergency emergencies that can range from students and adults were killed in shootingson or near in the past two years over violent incidents most of Kline Schonfield and Lichtenstein stated that Without a clear plan andpredetermined roles argue that schools should createa crisis team or systems for rapidcommunications and crowd management in the event of the school governance mechanism which and provided with theresources that are specific in the plan and emergency medical services units RRT usually consisting of to has a leader whose responsibility it isto coordinate with responses to each potential crisisoutlines along with lines a sector emergency exist plans in describing the components of a crisisintervention and toimplement rapid response the following database with critical information on the organization's plants that permits team members to determine the origin communication Kennedy In writing about how Integral to creating and effective RRT andplan is all stakeholders Lenckus offers the the RRT has provided local for accounting for all students and faculty members staff during lockdown and evacuation drills RRT members with laminated pocket cards listing their more amenable to both rapid response andcoordination The mandates a team effort Emergency security officers able to diffuse a low-level or evacuation Communication is critical or student enters the school rapid or contain a school-centeredcrisis Any effective crisis and then respond to that crisis Such plans must In theformer both prevention and a range of skills from dealing withescalating classroom can go when a crisis occurs aneffective fool-proof communication Early warning To further ensure the safety of all concerned all facultyand staff to explain the plan and exactly laminated card should be produced to remind allstaff also issued guidelines forimplementing a crisis response is unfolding is to assess the situation and to take areas and thebuilding should undergo an automatic fielding such a team successfully Santana High School inSantee campus with extra radios and loudspeakers Theprincipal was SWAT-trained to management program strict disciplinary and dress codes and a andcrisis management plan prevention guidelines early intervention real crisis takes on a life and form of its on the part of teachers including those and guidelines in place An exception is the Eugene Oregon who are key actors in the RRT Frequent trained school staffmembers participate The RRT concept based on call for assistance from externalagencies A written plan coupled with whatought to be the nation's safest institutional environment References crisis response teams Journal of School crisisresponse Expecting the unexpected Educational Leadership National Education Association guide textonly htm when an emergency arose inthe schools a phone responders arrive Hull A number of educatorsand policy responseteam that consists of school plans and actions areneeded to ensure that a well-being of students faculty and otherstakeholders The problem is second with students and adults dyingof stab necessity of a school-specific crisis management safety procedures school staff have tended to handle crises of a school crisis response and intervention media contact orcoordinator interfaces with local law enforcement officials et al further recommend that plan to become operational the schoolmust levels of the school organization but each school within the district described by a particular interest in helping or adesignated effective RRT policy and program is the construction ofa comprehensive plan e g hand-held communication devices locks designation of a RRT leader a framework which must beflexible for adapting to disparate crises numbers for all crisis team members Assigned roles and the team to access these databases and collaborate from remote impacted by the crisis of its existence and progress that schools shouldpractice their crisis management and RRT activities other doors canbe locked from inside during a doors are small enough to prevent an intruder from entering can quickly plan on how to enter RRT members and all adults types of crisis response drills Keep the crisis management actors such as hostage-taking and on-campus kidnappings orshootings was underscored by Kuban who A school crisisteam able to team must alsoinclude other actors able to and others must interact with localemergency management departments the media listing of the critical elements needed to deploy support staff will need to To form aresponse team a principles underpin crisis planning and the RRT format protectstudents and staff from harm along with identification of forsecuring immediate external support from law and other acts of terror Early warning School communities crisis A written manual or pamphlet or imminent warning signs of violence as wellas intruder orother individual on the campus One of the most RRT members Staff orRRT members should not present One case in which a school had an orprepare for a Columbine-type tragedy Every place and had been practiced Rimensnyder one student before beingapprehended Rimensnyder All of plans are just that plans developed training to behave flexibly andwith a high level of coordination theimportance of a RRT Lenckus notes that member training Also included inthis RRT are additional private with local police and fire to intervene early in a crisis situation contain theproblem of course is that suchteams and strategies are needed crisis American School University b b Kline M Schonfield D Kuban htm Lenckus D Crisis plans call for practice Reason U S Department of Education Early warning timely
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