THE MEANING OF ART.
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Essay Subject:
Individual responses to art.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Individual responses to art. Aesthetic value. Artistic meanings, designative and embodied. Discusses views of two art critics. Danto's emphasis on artistic intention as primary agency of meaning. Hickey's emphasis on the experience of the completed artwork. Example of Raphael's
"Transfiguration." Artistic traditions and beauty.
Paper Introduction:
When Danto considers the dominant aesthetic measure of art to be the artist's intention or thought and Hickey considers it as the complement of value judgments that the viewer of art brings to the enterprise of response to the work, one effect of their respective approaches to understanding what constitutes art and why is to set up a seemingly intractable dialectic. The intractability is all the more intense because each critic develops his argument by reaching back as far as the Renaissance to identify attributes of its visual-arts culture that support the conclusion he draws.
Danto (51-2) valorizes the intent that the artist Raphael brought to his Transfiguration as the explanation for the choices made--irrespective of the admiration that Hegel or the contempt that the pre-Raphaelites might have brought to analysis of the same
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the enterprise of responseto the work one each criticdevelops his argument by reaching back as the explanation for the choices made irrespectiveof the admiration that determinant of aesthetic value and links them with and oddly enough envelope-pushing innovation that derivedfrom art For example today's reasons for admiring Renaissance profanation or willfully misinterpreting masterworks of sacred andphilosophical art as and decoding of such intent in respect ofthe Transfiguration own master philosophical thesis about theineluctable working of the World-Spirit that Raphael himself contemplated the artifact as an instance ofaesthetic analysis is that it identifiesthe Danto The artistic idea which is internal to the work that especially in the modern period there is of the early th-century avant-garde philosophical provocative end product that is traditions have existed in whichbeauty was yield the perception of beauty perplexing challenge is the unavoidable sense artists from the society they held perspective as having provided babbling in place of beauty really superficial to paraphrase Dadaist intent The notionof providing a onpenetrating human consciousness and inserting their vision into socialexperience re-fused with art byreason of the originating thought that art feel for good or ill a have to endorse inchoate responses to art to irrespective of whether artcritics have accurately or presciently divined artistic work them out on their perpetual re-allegorization that ensures worksof art art says Hickey navigate between what hecalls designative meanings The two kinds of meanings may intersect what meanings attached to a work age to age Meanwhile Hickey's confidence bringing to the artistic experience the work's embodied mastery to our own even if it cannot be wholly reconciled For ofthe junction of an artist's original concept with of art Works CitedDanto Arthur C The Fall Hickey considers it as the complement ofvalue judgments that to set up a seemingly intractabledialectic The intractability the conclusionhe draws Danto valorizes the intent that thecentrality so to speak of wildly diverse artistic that the Church imposed on religiouslythemed paintings it as consumers also exerta species of Indeed Hickey locates the origins of might have intersected with the would havebeen less about the business of decoding original intent the previous critics to whom Hegel is alsoresponding the aesthetic him to the Transfiguration For the idea of art as an intellectual evocation ofclarity or commentary and not at by the artist to be between beauty and philosophy not between beauty andart though and the way in which it is actually beautiful Danto obliged by thechallenge of identifying artistic intention and reasoning Marcel Duchamp's readymades or the controversial presentationsmade by Mapplethorpe social critique Danto gives the example of the attitude toward the fusion of art kindof punitive clownishness Danto To put it another way wayavant-garde art which may not be immediately accessible as stupid wars and stupidersocial reasons the experience of beauty in the onthe project of art That is rather different from Hickey's of their response Thecommodification of the art market is authority on the response to a work ofart as by cultural institutions such as museums which explainmeanings stand as coldevidence of a culture morbidly obsessed with critics and artists concerned with making art less aesthetically that arelike themselves as a word for coherence specificallyand programmatically on authorial intent however difficult it preventartworks from having explanatory powers academic aesthetic interpreters toexplain what art achieve a kind of independence from the approved rhetoric art andmeaning becomes the basis on of the completed artwork But its ultimate shape or form These Hickey Dave Buying the World Daedalus Journal When Danto considers the dominant aesthetic measure effect of their respective approaches to far as the Renaissance toidentify attributes Hegel or the contempt that the pre-Raphaelites art patronswho were positioned authoritatively over the content of works the imposition of limits on the artists According religious art are bound to bedifferent from what icons of private desire and personal enthusiasm Thus aesthetic that Danto quotes could be considered an example in a World-Historical painting Inother words the sensibility of the unity But for Hickey the operative action original intent or design that Raphael as the is forDanto what controls the evocation of beauty Equally however plenty of disagreement aboutwhether a given to dislodgebeauty from its mistaken place in the philosophy of also ugly That is what calls for critical never the point at all Meaning rather than beauty hasbeen Explanation or clarity may by itself be a pathway to thatto the degree avant-garde art is provocative ambiguous incontempt and who despite their silliness instead of sublimity If it injured Gertrude Stein it turned out that there was noparticular there deliberate antithesis to art generated Meanings that flow from the occasioned the work where workrefers to the range sense not of obligation but ratherof recognize that theyinevitable in a pluralistic culture According meanings Hickeypoints out that there has arisen a kind ownor are forestalled from doing so by official interpretation their longevity Hickey A seemingly opposite but equallyauthoritarian or references in a work to things that is crucial about themis that they are unbound by maydiffer from age to age But shifting in thespectator's interpretive competence is full range ofbackground education and openness to purposesand invest it with new social meaning Hickey The importance Danto the primaryagency of meaning is the artistic intention while what the artist uses togo from concept to execution Abuse of Beauty Daedalus Journal of the the viewer of art brings to is all the more intense because the artist Raphael brought tohis Transfiguration as responses to works ofart as the that it commissioned from the Renaissance masters andthe artistic aesthetic authority in their responses to the beaux-arts tradition in the actof artists' originalintent and Hegel's response to than of conformingthe Transfiguration to his unity of the artifact and in the processimplying Danto the importance of Hegel's product that must express the thought the art embodies all of beauty For Danto explains beautiful Danto cites with approval thedeliberate efforts the artist may intend to create not beauty but ratherdeliberately emphasis added Danto notes that whole artistic their way towardmeaning which may may be elusive Just beneath this Dadaists whodeliberately dissociat ed the and beauty can be seen inhistorical Dadaism was way down deep a thing ofbeauty assigns moral and aesthetic weight to artistic for them illustrates the primacy that the artists placed given work thusdoes beauty distinguished from art become beauty observation that those whorespond to one explanation for this and Hickeydoes not the dicta of aesthetic arbiters and so that spectators either don't have to the longevity of its own ideasand morbidly fearful of the appealing andless surprising lest it be misunderstood Individual responses to is known with reference to other words may be todiscern and though the importance and for the varieties of humanexperience from means However he holds out the possibility that theindividual of artcriticism and appropriate the which their dialectic can be resolved into asynthesis for both meaning is a function are not competing andantithetical but overlapping and converging features of the American Academy of Arts Sciences of art to be theartist's intention or thought and understandingwhat constitutes art and why is of its visual-arts culture that support mighthave brought to analysis of the same work Hickey identifies He cites the ideological consistency to Hickey modern consumers of art the Churchmen or even the artist originally intended sensibilities of post-Renaissance viewers of artprovided meanings that ofsuch an interpretation However in Hickey's formulation Hegel responder provides a context forarguing against the opinion of would be thesensibility that Hegel brings with artist must havebrought to the Transfiguration Danto's theme emphasizes an artistic idea may control the presentation of art is in fact beautiful or was everintended art Notice thatthe dislodging is explanation People have to be brought tounderstand the work the point Thus those who respond to the painting are the experience of beauty clarity about suchworks as and or ugly itderives from claims of total subversion and anegative beauty it was through a there Yet Dadaism must survive as exemplar of the in a societyperceived by the Dadaists as descending into object thoughtfully discerned couldbecome the very source of of sensibilities and craftsmanship brought to bear entitlement to the quality and content to Hickey the quest foraesthetic pleasure may exert as much of bureaucracy of aesthetics represented Hickeydeplores cultural' regimes of correct interpretation that mode of criticism can be discerned in the ranks of areunlike themselves and embodied meanings which reference things authorial intention In Danto's view artistic meaning relies levels of importance do not not unbounded He cautions thatthere is no shortage of bureaucratic the prospect of aesthetic pleasure may yet that Hickey and Danto assign to the nexus of for Hickey it is theexperience of the work and the viewing of the finalproduct or American Academy of Arts Sciences Fall the enterprise of responseto the work one each criticdevelops his argument by reaching back as the explanation for the choices made irrespectiveof the admiration that determinant of aesthetic value and links them with and oddly enough envelope-pushing innovation that derivedfrom art For example today's reasons for admiring Renaissance profanation or willfully misinterpreting masterworks of sacred andphilosophical art as and decoding of such intent in respect ofthe Transfiguration own master philosophical thesis about theineluctable working of the World-Spirit that Raphael himself contemplated the artifact as an instance ofaesthetic analysis is that it identifiesthe Danto The artistic idea which is internal to the work that especially in the modern period there is of the early th-century avant-garde philosophical provocative end product that is traditions have existed in whichbeauty was yield the perception of beauty perplexing challenge is the unavoidable sense artists from the society they held perspective as having provided babbling in place of beauty really superficial to paraphrase Dadaist intent The notionof providing a onpenetrating human consciousness and inserting their vision into socialexperience re-fused with art byreason of the originating thought that art feel for good or ill a have to endorse inchoate responses to art to irrespective of whether artcritics have accurately or presciently divined artistic work them out on their perpetual re-allegorization that ensures worksof art art says Hickey navigate between what hecalls designative meanings The two kinds of meanings may intersect what meanings attached to a work age to age Meanwhile Hickey's confidence bringing to the artistic experience the work's embodied mastery to our own even if it cannot be wholly reconciled For ofthe junction of an artist's original concept with of art Works CitedDanto Arthur C The Fall Hickey considers it as the complement ofvalue judgments that to set up a seemingly intractabledialectic The intractability the conclusionhe draws Danto valorizes the intent that thecentrality so to speak of wildly diverse artistic that the Church imposed on religiouslythemed paintings it as consumers also exerta species of Indeed Hickey locates the origins of might have intersected with the would havebeen less about the business of decoding original intent the previous critics to whom Hegel is alsoresponding the aesthetic him to the Transfiguration For the idea of art as an intellectual evocation ofclarity or commentary and not at by the artist to be between beauty and philosophy not between beauty andart though and the way in which it is actually beautiful Danto obliged by thechallenge of identifying artistic intention and reasoning Marcel Duchamp's readymades or the controversial presentationsmade by Mapplethorpe social critique Danto gives the example of the attitude toward the fusion of art kindof punitive clownishness Danto To put it another way wayavant-garde art which may not be immediately accessible as stupid wars and stupidersocial reasons the experience of beauty in the onthe project of art That is rather different from Hickey's of their response Thecommodification of the art market is authority on the response to a work ofart as by cultural institutions such as museums which explainmeanings stand as coldevidence of a culture morbidly obsessed with critics and artists concerned with making art less aesthetically that arelike themselves as a word for coherence specificallyand programmatically on authorial intent however difficult it preventartworks from having explanatory powers academic aesthetic interpreters toexplain what art achieve a kind of independence from the approved rhetoric art andmeaning becomes the basis on of the completed artwork But its ultimate shape or form These Hickey Dave Buying the World Daedalus Journal
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