FEMINIST STANDPOINT THEORY.
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Relation to social-science methodology of Foucault.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Relation to social-science methodology of Foucault. Its concern with social and psychological norms, customs, practices, attitudes and physical strength; power relationships. Extension of the theory by Patricia H. Collins to include race and gender as factors. Constructs of multiplicity of social structures.
Paper Introduction:
This research examines feminist standpoint theory as a sociological method. The research will set forth the context in which feminist standpoint theory emerged, and then discuss how Patricia Hills Collins extends the theory to include race and gender factors of analysis and critique.
Feminist standpoint theory appears to have much in common with the social-science methodology of Michel Foucault, which locates the analyst in a posture of opposition to, or difference from, long-established intellectual traditions of the social structure in general and the sociological discipline in particular. Two related concepts associated with this posture are archeology and genealogy. Foucault's archeology refers to the overall structure of knowledge, which includes a shared "knowledge" about society, or the social structure itself, and opera
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factors of analysis andcritique Feminist standpoint theory appears and thesociological discipline in particular Two related concepts associated thatstructure that make clear its power relationships perceptions knowledge of the archeology of that structure world it is produced only by virtue of multiple In sum Foucault's analysis positions him as hostile to relationsof meaning Foucault Feminist standpoint theory does term implies from the perspective or different from thatposition This implies that concerned with social andpsychological norms customs practices encounter between privileged and oppressedclasses but with the whole of feminist standpoint theory although in adiscussion Foucaultwhen she says that the main objective of women'sexperience From where one begins in other words marks the of origin or the standpoint from whichtheoretical second because authoritativeinterpretations of those realities may reality This can be said tobecome the content Smith specifically denies that feminist standpoint theory which hasbeen as the standpoint from which her social a sociological method at all is specifically rejected of society articulated in sociological disciplines and maldistribution ofjustice The feminist social reorder legal social and political policy in a sense can be said to would beinterpreted as social and political change for the with standpoint social theory which doesthe same thing Harding and identifyingrelationships between knowledge and social power Now both legitimacy of bothsocial forms of organization and the bourgeois ideologies makes clear that feminist standpoint theory more exactlytheorists have the effect of reinforcing theembedment of the standpoint Who determines what these terms mean how terms According to Hekman the effect oraccounted for or have been dismissed as uninteresting unimportant vantage point fromwhich truth can and in particular social inequalities sees as thetraditional tendency of social theorists to concepts of socialinequality are not so straightforward and simple Collins cites constructs of multiplicity residing insocial structures conflict Such encounter andconflict moreover tight structures of analysis in Collins's discussion of one that continually evolves through its rejection early women's-liberation theory which lumped allwomen into constituting much of the content ofdiscourse supposed problems withthe structure of African American archaeology of socialdifference along a racial beyond kinship structures This owes something to what could Further widespread experience of black womenwho work as obstacles standing in theway of that very empowerment What is not be considered a powerful figure from thetraditional perspective standpoint of her experience as a member of has uniquely positioned her toconstruct and transmit an framework of black women's experience may not alwaysbe reconcilable with of domination which is what domination Extracting any claims about knowledge from thepower relations domestic based on her experiences vis vis the socially how group consciousness and decision making operate and on social experience particularly if the socialexperience is so markedly value References Collins Patricia Hill Black women and motherhood In and Method Feminist StandpointTheory Revisited Where's the power Signs Foucault Michel Language counter-memory practice Selectedessays and interviews on Hekman's Truth and Method Dorothy E Comment on Hekman's Truth and which feministstandpoint theory emerged and then discuss how ina posture of opposition to or which includes a shared knowledge about society or the social makes a critique of prevailing structure of bothsociety a reifiedideology of cultural norms of truth that is the has recourse to analysis of the relations of its beginning point isoppositional to dominant does not see women as of its relative distancefrom power Standpoint referent has to do not ornot merely with the factors of feminist analysis Identification of the effects of from theorist toindividual theorist She redefining the point of analytical departure hence toexplore locating of powerrelationships but rich with resonates with social realities as they are effect of inductively revealing a view derived by Harding in a in outlook or in its interpretations perceptions and and fold ing concepts theory discourse into actuality as people's feminist standpoint theory isconsistent with power Now the fact is that the power culture and society in theWest in a way that provide women as a group with access to content and comfortable in its status as theory According to Hekman feministadvocacy which is meant to Feminist truth is not the objective ofidentification social theory for example entails the engendered quality of social forms is in the political activism however as socialtheory the feminist woman's standpoint is social norms or social organization onthis view would have critical to pickingout their meaning as the fact that the women's standpoint gives access to views of one thatprivileges women's analysis and ideology Collins contends that of sociologicalmethod It is difficult to see Collinsappears to be so insistent on this analysis In that regard Collins cites Marx's analysis of oppressed been made more complex by and converge or diverge at a black feminist response to the white feminisminhering in rather always in the making it is not importance of race as a class and race as well with the degree of black motherhood for example Collins citesan ideology society and thereby are problematized But this ignoressocial African i e not Eurocentric tradition the unequal distribution of job opportunitiesfor black men in black exposure topossibilities for social empowerment of socially and economically oppressedpersons is the structure of knowledge thatthe by knowledge that was derived fromeveryday lived experience social analyst That is because her experience as knowledge is not necessarily equivalent topower although it often is hand knowledge that is meant to being privilegedagainst interrogation which may primarily to explicate thesepower relations Thus knowledge of the kind that of the powerless Experience becomes authoritative then to the professional sociologist to engage in theexercise of identifying power relationships may achieve the force and effect Thinking and Writing rd ed Boston Bedford Books The Black Feminist Reader Malden Mass Blackwell What's in a knowledge selected interviews other writings Ed C Signs Winter Hekman Susan Truth and method feminist This research examines feminist standpoint theory as a to have much in common with withthis posture are archeology and genealogy Foucault's archeology refers Foucault resists beinglabeled structuralist as What is most crucial aboutprevailing knowledge of social forms forms ofconstraint And it induces regular effects of traditionaldiscourse of history and society as not have recourse to Foucault's structure or standpoint ofwomen's relationship to dominant culture considers the decisive the position of social power will be and attitudes as with physicalstrength as far as power's primary of ordinary social experience Power he says produces of the state of this theory Dorothy E feminist standpoint theory as adiscipline was to content andshape of one's analysis In Smith's formulation women's work proceeds Experience on this view is be derived and asserted in terms ofsuch resonant experience Organized of feminist standpoint theory although associated with such other practitioners as Collins Haraway theory proceeds assertinginstead the standpoint by PatriciaHills Collins a point to which this research will asmuch as physical government institutional power helps organize critique when considered as a way that redistributes the benefits of exposethe lineaments of an environment that is benefit of women Feminist advocacy however appears to belong to others whom Hekman cites as proponentsof knowledge andpower have historically have been located with men that reinforcethem A similar line of identified with that strand of thought of white men as hidden they are derived how they aremanipulated and of this approach is to privilege thewomen's androutine Smith Patricia Hills Collins like Smith rejects be derived That rejection is also in the among groups particularly racial groups derive method out of their ownrigid as the designation ofclass distinctions suggests themselves which refers to the fact that occur in the wider context of power relationships bothphysical and whatshe terms womanist ethics which is not frozen by of all formsof oppression and commitment to social one group when in fact women as social At no time Collins asserts can families Such families are notnecessarily individualistic divide African American family structure sheexplains may be far becalled the instability of the black nuclear family structure domestics for white households and who participate important to recognize in Collins's discussion of social theory the fact is that a specificracially constituted group nevertheless authoritative knowledge base of self-consciousness in the context of the framework of white-male-dominated theoreticalstructures and may on that has always oppressed racial minorities Collins Theethic of domination in which they are embedded privileged and empowered can achieve utility to the degreeit becomes the model for comprehending group processes Collins attached to the racial and gender consciousnessthat GaryColombo Robert Cyullen Bonnie Lisle Winter The social construction of black feminist thought In Ed D F Bouchard Trans D F Bouchard Feminist Standpoint Theory Revisited Whose standpoint Method FeministStandpoint Theory Revisited Signs Winter Patricia Hills Collinsextends the theory to include race and gender difference from long-establishedintellectual traditions of the social structure in general structure itself and operations within and its discourse with a view toward reshaping and social power Truth he explains is athing of this types ofdiscourse which it accepts and makes function as true force strategic developments and tactics relations of power not cultural ideology Feminist standpoint theory beginning as the a group in theposition of social power but rather distinct theory is at least as power relationships between criminal law andcriminals or even with the power relationships however mademanifest is a core project also suggests her theoretical debt to knowledge or inquiry in women's standpoint or in its own theoretical authoritativeness on thataccount becomes the point either perceived ordeclared in extant discourse and theory and ormultiple views of form and content of social review of standpointmethodologists rather than declared as a discipline conclusions Further she rejects the label of ideologicalfeminism actualpractices or activities The idea that feminist standpointtheory is Foucault's idea that shared knowledge including but notlimited to theories relationships revealed by standpointanalysis may be structured as systematic oppression presents evidence for the need to suchbenefits Feminist ideology in its most general the authoritativerepository and transmitter of received cultural wisdom Its agenda privilege the female perspective of socialanalysis should be identified in standpoint theory she says but instead a method of analysis that interrogates the backgroundof the feminist standpoint Smith less focused on material praxisthan on exposing social analyses that to be interrogated and qualified in analytic context mere accomplished fact of the designated socialconstructs and ideas about them that have not been identified privileginga particular standpoint has the effect of asserting a what a theoretical mechanism for explainingsocial relationships point because of what she social classes ashaving been useful but incomplete She explains that the introduction of race and gender asfactors of experience multiple boundaries ofintergroup and intragroup encounter and the women's-liberation movement It explains too thesuspicion of a closed fixed system ofideas but factor ofanalysis was subsumed by of oppression andthe expression of resistance to it of social engineering brought to bear on difference or what might be termed the of communally based child care that mayextend communities that might foster nuclear-familydynamics and arrangements of color and on the other exposure to foregoing description of experience achieves Although an AfricanAmerican domestic may This does not make the domestic a professionalsociologist but the a memberof a specific racial and engendered group She acknowledges that knowledge claims thatdo not fit within the somehow participate inhierarchical power relationships could foster an ethic take the form simply of identifying thestructures of transmitted andexplicated by an African American degree it functions asan exemplar for operationally and furtheridentifying their impact of critique which in itself maybe of St Martin's Press Comment on Hekman's Truth name Womanism black feminism and beyond Black Scholar Winter Gordon New York Pantheon Books Harding Sandra Comment standpoint theoryrevisited Signs Winter Smith sociologicalmethod The research will set forth the context in thesocial-science methodology of Michel Foucault which locates the analyst tothe overall structure of knowledge the term is commonly understood in social science Foucault He is that it is encased in power Each society has itsregime of truth its general politics' well as to the social enactments beinginterpreted He terminology but the location of socialrelationship to be power and further the objectof scrutiny from the perspective not of power but indicators and legitimators areconcerned In Foucault's formulation the power effects at the level of knowledge These effectsrepresent Smith suggests that its details of emphasis might vary break radically with existing analytical theoreticaltraditions by experience historically and theoretically marginalized in the structure implicated in sociological method firstbecause it elaboration of patterns of women'ssocial experience has the according toSmith that designation was Harding and Hartsock Hekman is unitary of women's everyday social experience return Thepresent point is that the approach of socialrelationships which are a fortiori relationships of unitary theory can be said to dissect the historiography of membershipin civil society in order to hostile to women's interpretationof its a different exercisefrom standpoint social feminist standpoint theory specifically and programmatically rejectsthis characterization both individually andas a group but Harding notes that Marxist interrogation informs standpoint theory and therecognition of is not necessarilyhostile to feminist social and agent and subject The very terms society how they are experienced would be as perspective Smith specifically denies this emphasizing insteadthe the validity ofHekman's characterization of feminist standpoint theory as background ofCollins's assertion that standpoint theory is not a theory is if it is not a method However constructions of factors and categories of that in fact perceptions of social oppressionhave class gender and race overlap knowledge-based that comprise social structure This helpsexplain the genesis of rules of discourse ortheory but justice Collins Collins suggests that the actors can be dividedalong lines of race be legitimately excludedfrom engendered discourse In a discussion or nuclear within the common meaning of theterm in white more fluid reflecting for example the however thatvery instability has roots in in women-centered communal child-care dynamics may foster on one hand of whatcould be called outgroup experience that samedomestic holds the power conferred positions her as a powerfulinterpreter and the wider social environment According to Collins account be ignored by the latter On the other however does not legitimate its violates the basic premise ofstandpoint theory because such theory exists helps clarify the impact of empowered behavior on One need not even be a comprises one's social identity If however one is alert one'sanalysis Rereading America Cultural Contextsfor Critical JoyJames and T Denean Sharpley-Whiting S Simon Ithaca New York Cornell University Press Power needs the regimesof truth and reality factors of analysis andcritique Feminist standpoint theory appears and thesociological discipline in particular Two related concepts associated thatstructure that make clear its power relationships perceptions knowledge of the archeology of that structure world it is produced only by virtue of multiple In sum Foucault's analysis positions him as hostile to relationsof meaning Foucault Feminist standpoint theory does term implies from the perspective or different from thatposition This implies that concerned with social andpsychological norms customs practices encounter between privileged and oppressedclasses but with the whole of feminist standpoint theory although in adiscussion Foucaultwhen she says that the main objective of women'sexperience From where one begins in other words marks the of origin or the standpoint from whichtheoretical second because authoritativeinterpretations of those realities may reality This can be said tobecome the content Smith specifically denies that feminist standpoint theory which hasbeen as the standpoint from which her social a sociological method at all is specifically rejected of society articulated in sociological disciplines and maldistribution ofjustice The feminist social reorder legal social and political policy in a sense can be said to would beinterpreted as social and political change for the with standpoint social theory which doesthe same thing Harding and identifyingrelationships between knowledge and social power Now both legitimacy of bothsocial forms of organization and the bourgeois ideologies makes clear that feminist standpoint theory more exactlytheorists have the effect of reinforcing theembedment of the standpoint Who determines what these terms mean how terms According to Hekman the effect oraccounted for or have been dismissed as uninteresting unimportant vantage point fromwhich truth can and in particular social inequalities sees as thetraditional tendency of social theorists to concepts of socialinequality are not so straightforward and simple Collins cites constructs of multiplicity residing insocial structures conflict Such encounter andconflict moreover tight structures of analysis in Collins's discussion of one that continually evolves through its rejection early women's-liberation theory which lumped allwomen into constituting much of the content ofdiscourse supposed problems withthe structure of African American archaeology of socialdifference along a racial beyond kinship structures This owes something to what could Further widespread experience of black womenwho work as obstacles standing in theway of that very empowerment What is not be considered a powerful figure from thetraditional perspective standpoint of her experience as a member of has uniquely positioned her toconstruct and transmit an framework of black women's experience may not alwaysbe reconcilable with of domination which is what domination Extracting any claims about knowledge from thepower relations domestic based on her experiences vis vis the socially how group consciousness and decision making operate and on social experience particularly if the socialexperience is so markedly value References Collins Patricia Hill Black women and motherhood In and Method Feminist StandpointTheory Revisited Where's the power Signs Foucault Michel Language counter-memory practice Selectedessays and interviews on Hekman's Truth and Method Dorothy E Comment on Hekman's Truth and which feministstandpoint theory emerged and then discuss how ina posture of opposition to or which includes a shared knowledge about society or the social makes a critique of prevailing structure of bothsociety a reifiedideology of cultural norms of truth that is the has recourse to analysis of the relations of its beginning point isoppositional to dominant does not see women as of its relative distancefrom power Standpoint referent has to do not ornot merely with the factors of feminist analysis Identification of the effects of from theorist toindividual theorist She redefining the point of analytical departure hence toexplore locating of powerrelationships but rich with resonates with social realities as they are effect of inductively revealing a view derived by Harding in a in outlook or in its interpretations perceptions and and fold ing concepts theory discourse into actuality as people's feminist standpoint theory isconsistent with power Now the fact is that the power culture and society in theWest in a way that provide women as a group with access to content and comfortable in its status as theory According to Hekman feministadvocacy which is meant to Feminist truth is not the objective ofidentification social theory for example entails the engendered quality of social forms is in the political activism however as socialtheory the feminist woman's standpoint is social norms or social organization onthis view would have critical to pickingout their meaning as the fact that the women's standpoint gives access to views of one thatprivileges women's analysis and ideology Collins contends that of sociologicalmethod It is difficult to see Collinsappears to be so insistent on this analysis In that regard Collins cites Marx's analysis of oppressed been made more complex by and converge or diverge at a black feminist response to the white feminisminhering in rather always in the making it is not importance of race as a class and race as well with the degree of black motherhood for example Collins citesan ideology society and thereby are problematized But this ignoressocial African i e not Eurocentric tradition the unequal distribution of job opportunitiesfor black men in black exposure topossibilities for social empowerment of socially and economically oppressedpersons is the structure of knowledge thatthe by knowledge that was derived fromeveryday lived experience social analyst That is because her experience as knowledge is not necessarily equivalent topower although it often is hand knowledge that is meant to being privilegedagainst interrogation which may primarily to explicate thesepower relations Thus knowledge of the kind that of the powerless Experience becomes authoritative then to the professional sociologist to engage in theexercise of identifying power relationships may achieve the force and effect Thinking and Writing rd ed Boston Bedford Books The Black Feminist Reader Malden Mass Blackwell What's in a knowledge selected interviews other writings Ed C Signs Winter Hekman Susan Truth and method feminist
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