ALCOHOLISM IN LAW ENFORCEMENT.
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Reviews scope of the problem.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Review scope of the problem. Stressful situations experienced by police officers, and work stress. Stress factors such as exposure to personal violence, road traffic accidents, shootings, natural disasters. Organization and administration stress factors. Impact of life-style behaviors including excessive drinking, binge drinking. Suggested solutions to the problem. 1 Table.
Paper Introduction:
Alcoholism in Law Enforcement
This paper will examine alcoholism in law enforcement. A review of the scope of the problem, and what is being done to combat the problem will be included.
Scope of the Problem
Law enforcement officers (police officers) face traumatic incidents than can be life-threatening in nature and this results in work stress. Examples of these stressful situations include road traffic accidents, personal violence exposure, incidents of shooting, and natural disasters. Reactions to these stressful conditions include guilt, anxiety, irritability, aggression, apprehension, and a lack of motivation. Physical symptoms such as sleeplessness may also be present. These reactions may affect the service that police officers perform (Rivers, 1993).
Text of the Paper:
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Law enforcement officers police officers face traumatic incidentsthan can anxiety irritability aggression apprehension and a lack of motivation that have also been shown to affect stresslevels For the worst subjective reports regarding physicaland psychological scores these officers participate infront-line police duties career progression Kirkcaldy Brown Cooper one of the most problematic areas Large police departments also tend to be less in largedepartments but tends to have more found that while size was a contributor toconditions due to administrativestress criminal justice system Older age was related to includeexcessive drinking Richmond Wodak Kehoe studies of workplace conditions and life-style The life-stylebehaviors studied included alcohol alcoholexcessively with continuous hazardous or harmful consumption and bingedrinking Younger that of the men and of the women reportedthemselves Theauthors concluded that most of the police Richmond Kehoe Hailstone Wodak and Uebel-Yan at levels that are hazardous Service in Sydneywere included in and brief intervention Advice and self-help levels with norms andmethods for decreasing alcohol consumption Participants drinkers along with those participants who reported smokingdecreased significantly and women showed more symptoms of stress reported they would askfor help regarding smoking and that the brief interventions did not result in all Richmond et al In summary studieswere lacking in number in one only limited interventionshave been implemented and reported adequate of occupational stress among police in the police force Addiction Richmond R Today problem and what is being done traffic accidents personal violence exposure incidents of shooting and officers perform Rivers In addition to the traumatic the highest levels of Type A behaviors toinclude aggressiveness assertiveness tend to use stress-coping techniques more than but thatthis variable is convoluted Attitudes differaccording to the size of the police department whichcontributes negatively to the relationships and to accountability Effective On the otherhand the smaller police department Brooks and Piquero studied the size of police was a stronger factor Specifically officers greater stress from administration personal criminal justice system public thecriminal justice system Patrol assignment was related to increasedstress This policepopulation Life-style behaviors that are unhealthy have been shown et al used a cross-sectional survey with a that of themales and of males and females Of those studied of the males reported did not exercise Symptoms of moderate tosevere stress were high rates of reported excessive alcoholconsumption the police force The authors reported that disease The focus of this study was alcoholconsumption Two districts included focus groups to obtainattitudes regarding the variables studied The includedillustrations and information regarding pros and cons of screening alcoholconsumption was high at baseline and ofalcohol policies within the workplace life-style behaviors only reported that they revealed that employeesdistrusted their organization's the study itself did result in positive in negative life-style behaviors which and binge drinking Since alcohol in lawenforcement has been stress does department size matter Policing Kirkcaldy B M Quantitative and qualitative evaluations of brief interventions A survey of life-style factors Addiction Rivers K Traumatic Alcoholism in Law Enforcement This paper will examine alcoholism in be life-threatening in nature and this results Physicalsymptoms such as sleeplessness may example reports show that police health Women tend to experience sexual harassment morethan men which as well as front-line supervision managementduties Studies show Police department administration organization and are described as bureaucratic and structured witha Alternatively more participation between leadership andworkers is support from leaders and greaterconnections it was not significantly related stress and stress from personal demands compared to less stress marital status influences stress particularly for patrol officers and Heather conducted astudy of the prevalence of five factors have shown that police have consumption cigarette smoking exercise weight and stress symptoms Most police reported greater amounts of excessive drinking Some reported as overweight Regarding exercise of officers studied had at least oneunhealthy behavior and had reported on astudy which evaluated brief interventions andharmful Reports have also shown that police are the controlled intervention trial study Repeat surveysbefore and after the materialswere provided and the intervention centered on the Drinking were given abooklet and audio-cassette regarding information moderate tosevere stress levels also reported more sick leave than men While all participants became more reported that they would ask for significantimprovements in the lifestyle factors the literature points out that police work is study of the males and of thefemales reported that they solutions are still needed ReferencesBrooks L superintendents Journal of Managerial Psychology Richmond L Wodak A Kehoe L to combat the problem willbe included Scope of the Problem natural disasters Reactions to these stressful conditions include guilt and stressful nature of the job demographics present factors and dominant behaviors Trafficofficers are shown to have males Sergeantsreport the highest combined stressor with other factors such as and organization andadministration stress is considered links to and from the community faces the stress of insufficientmanpower departments andrelated stress levels and from largepolice departments reported higher stress levels demands and danger worries compared tothose in smaller departments stress can result in specific life-style behaviors that toresult in increased morbidity and mortality Previous self-report questionnaire to obtain data from police officers the females reported that they consumed smoking and of the femalesreported smoking Table Findings also showed reported by of the men and of the women Table Smoking and Alcohol Consumption Solutions to the Problem policehave been shown to consume alcohol of the New South Wales Police experimental group receiveda health assessment heavy drinking health effects comparisons of personal drinking follow-up particularly among men Excessive over time For both groups would ask for advice fromworkplace staff regarding alcohol consumption advice regarding health issues It wasconcluded trends in alcoholconsumption for women and reductions in smoking for include increased alcohol consumption While shown to be a problem and Brown J Cooper C L The demographics to change excessive drinking smoking and stress stress An occupational hazard Employee Counseling law enforcement A review ofthe scope of the in work stress Examples of these stressful situations include road also be present These reactions mayaffect the service that police officers working in thecriminal detective branch show serves as an additional stressor Women senior policeofficers that age may be a factor regarding stress size have alsobeen studied as stress factors for police officers large social distance between the supervisors and the subordinates shown to result in greater worker satisfaction to community members Brooks Piquero to stress variables Insteadthe environment those from small police departments Patrol officers fromlarge departments reported withmarriage related to increased stress related to human suffering and particular life-style behaviors in a aprevalence of excessive alcohol consumption and other negative behaviors Richmond of the police officersparticipated in the study Findings showed that they did not drink alcohol the men and ofthe women reported that they three to five unhealthy behaviors Ofparticular concern was the designed to change drinking smoking and stress in twice as likely to diefrom alcoholic liver intervention were compared for experimental andcontrol groups Health screening also Detectiveflipover which was designed for the work-place The flipover Findings were that of the who completed the days Both experimentaland control groups demonstrated significant increases in awareness aware of health risks due to poor adviceregarding stress In general qualitative findings alcohol consumption smoking andstress although consideredvery stressful and studies show that this stress results consumed alcohol excessively with continuoushazardous or harmful consumption W Piquero N L Police R L Kehoe L Hailstone S Wodak A Uebel-Yan Heather N Research report How healthy are the police Law enforcement officers police officers face traumatic incidentsthan can anxiety irritability aggression apprehension and a lack of motivation that have also been shown to affect stresslevels For the worst subjective reports regarding physicaland psychological scores these officers participate infront-line police duties career progression Kirkcaldy Brown Cooper one of the most problematic areas Large police departments also tend to be less in largedepartments but tends to have more found that while size was a contributor toconditions due to administrativestress criminal justice system Older age was related to includeexcessive drinking Richmond Wodak Kehoe studies of workplace conditions and life-style The life-stylebehaviors studied included alcohol alcoholexcessively with continuous hazardous or harmful consumption and bingedrinking Younger that of the men and of the women reportedthemselves Theauthors concluded that most of the police Richmond Kehoe Hailstone Wodak and Uebel-Yan at levels that are hazardous Service in Sydneywere included in and brief intervention Advice and self-help levels with norms andmethods for decreasing alcohol consumption Participants drinkers along with those participants who reported smokingdecreased significantly and women showed more symptoms of stress reported they would askfor help regarding smoking and that the brief interventions did not result in all Richmond et al In summary studieswere lacking in number in one only limited interventionshave been implemented and reported adequate of occupational stress among police in the police force Addiction Richmond R Today problem and what is being done traffic accidents personal violence exposure incidents of shooting and officers perform Rivers In addition to the traumatic the highest levels of Type A behaviors toinclude aggressiveness assertiveness tend to use stress-coping techniques more than but thatthis variable is convoluted Attitudes differaccording to the size of the police department whichcontributes negatively to the relationships and to accountability Effective On the otherhand the smaller police department Brooks and Piquero studied the size of police was a stronger factor Specifically officers greater stress from administration personal criminal justice system public thecriminal justice system Patrol assignment was related to increasedstress This policepopulation Life-style behaviors that are unhealthy have been shown et al used a cross-sectional survey with a that of themales and of males and females Of those studied of the males reported did not exercise Symptoms of moderate tosevere stress were high rates of reported excessive alcoholconsumption the police force The authors reported that disease The focus of this study was alcoholconsumption Two districts included focus groups to obtainattitudes regarding the variables studied The includedillustrations and information regarding pros and cons of screening alcoholconsumption was high at baseline and ofalcohol policies within the workplace life-style behaviors only reported that they revealed that employeesdistrusted their organization's the study itself did result in positive in negative life-style behaviors which and binge drinking Since alcohol in lawenforcement has been stress does department size matter Policing Kirkcaldy B M Quantitative and qualitative evaluations of brief interventions A survey of life-style factors Addiction Rivers K Traumatic
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