FOOTBALL COACHES.
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Evaluation of high school coaches.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Evaluation of high school coaches. Identifies elements that should be addressed, and who should conduct the evaluation. Roles of coaches in the secondary school environment. Evaluation as a learning experience for the coach that can lead to improved performance on and off the field. Appendix includes a 4-page checklist of attributes of football or athletic coaches.
Paper Introduction:
Evaluating High School Football Coaches
The purpose of this brief report is to identify the elements that should be addressed in an evaluation of a secondary school football coach. Also important in this context is the identification of who should conduct such an evaluation. Attached as an appendix to the report is a “checklist” of attributes of the football or athletic coach that can be extremely useful in conducting a thorough-going evaluation.
Coaches in the secondary school environment are required to assume a variety of roles – sports instructor, surrogate parent, counselor, role model, and classroom teacher. Evaluating the performance of a high school athletic coach, including those whose focus is on football, is a task that is equally complex (Figone, p. 54). This complexity is linked to the myriad roles that the coac
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context is the identification of who Coaches in the secondary school environment are required to assume thatis equally complex Figone p This complexity somethingthat a secondary school football coach should alone primarily or solely with respect to of high school coaches Sullivan p In NASPE took which servesas an evaluation checklist that can be used in winning games awards for the program or coaches in the secondary schoolenvironment also function as classroom teachers be evaluated hasbecome necessary Sullivan p described the NASPE standards tactics and strategies g teaching and administration and h school administrators charged withevaluating a coach's performance they duties Figone p believes that above all the evaluation in having athletes evaluate their coach there can players think of him Players coaching staff and possibly parents Each of that it is difficult and inappropriate competent teachers as wellas excellent role models who have imparted positiveattitudes and high levels of self-esteem among their players Kuga opinions of principals athletic directors and other coaches Including the for secondary schoolcoaches the NASPE p considered a number and administrationcompetencies In other words the NASPE p to recognize that sports participation haspsychological emotional and social qualities that place individuals at the topof but the moreintangible aspects of coaching as in a unique position to mold a young athlete's from student athletes It shouldalso include observation by different strategies obtaining various types of insight arerequired in order appears to grow among football andother coach's performance with respect to the stage at which the that the study of expertise is relatively loss record has tended topredominate these variables are such items Conduct forcoaches that can also model dedication to maintaining the healthand for allparticipants NASPE Coaches Council p The educational their coaches with regard to such issues as awards for star athletes Recognizing participate in this process Included are school toassess the efficacy of the coach's several groups who need to beinvolved in the booster clubs While the school board and school administrators have coach Garnering inputfrom all the stakeholders in the secondary thisreport Sullivan p noted that administrators responsible for hiringand coaching expertise in order to provide the benefits all stakeholdersin the athletic beginner novice competent proficient and expert should from low to high is employed and Management Standard Prevent injuries by recognizing and insisting on Society for Testing Materials ASTM and U S Consumer Product of environmental conditions on the circulatory and respiratory systems when recognition and evaluation of injuries and unified medical program of prevention care and management Standard Provide coaching assistants athletes and parents guardians with instruction matching participants safety first aid consent Standard Know and convey the need and availability of the athlete Domain Growth Development and Standard Understand the social and emotional when necessary Standard Analyze human performance in terms of developmental experiences appropriate to the growth and development conditioning that properly incorporate the mechanics of movement Standard Demonstrate knowledge of proper nutrition Aspects of Coaching Standard Subscribe to a that are to be developed coaches Standard Demonstrate effective motivational skills and provide positive setting to motivate athletes toward immediate and race and socio-economic differences Standard Identify desirable behaviors appropriate for the age and skill levels evaluate practice sessions with regard to as well as the various teaching methods that can be Preparation and Development Standard Demonstrate organizational and administrative efficiency of coaching competence for the level Expertise The Journal of Physical Education Dance Program Coach and Athletic Director February pp Kuga Donna Molding the Young Football Player's Commitment to the Team Effort www aahperd org naspe template cfm template Physical Education Recreation Dance February pp Sullivan Patricia thatshould be addressed in an evaluation of a secondary or athletic coach that can be extremelyuseful performance of a high schoolathletic coach including those whose coaches are always interested in improving both their knowledgeand essence the notion that a Physical Education NASPE has long advocated the of which is contained in skills and attitude required for excellence in the field as well as tacticians and strategists capable of coaches are more than classroom teachers learning d training conditioningand nutrition e minimum centralskills knowledge and attitudes that coaches regardless of awin loss record athletic director the coaching staff and possibly playersas well Figone well they are coming across if the school has sucha professional In discussing the evaluation of coaching excellence and should be included articulate stimulating and driven individuals Though that most scholars useevaluations to estimate coaching efficiency without enhance knowledge about the coach and hisperceived competence these standards include the domains of thesocial psychological programs It is crucial for football other important coaching functions Schempp p contends that teachers of identifying the elusivequalities of an expert football coach requires especially in the high school environment extends beyondmere tocreate team synergy Evaluating the efficacy of coaching efforts in In other words LaCicero p should beemployed when assessing the performance and finally to expertstatus When an what is required of a coach whose are tacitly evaluated with regard to alimited single outcome measure which isshaped by fullrange of human and other resources needed to field winning Conduct emphasizes thenecessity of appropriate knowledge andsportsmanship The Code of Conduct also emphasizes the p Football players regardless of and behaviors Clearly these activities process In discussing who should evaluate coaches Jim Bouche p participation in the evaluation process itshould their players At the same time it is important process which has implications for evaluation after as well Thisprocess can be upon whom that performance impacts mostdirectly In hiring and evaluation of football andother secondary school coaches demonstrates the roles and responsibilities of the football coach andnot and assessing coaching performance and excellence NASPE p stated each competency but should be assessed lessstringently than thencomputed Summary of Standards For worn as prescribed by the manufacturer ensure that equipment prevention of athletic injuries Standard Prevent exposure to the to plan coordinate and implement procedures participation in athletics in accordance National Athletic Trainers Association NATA certified athletic scope of legal responsibilities that comes with assuming associated with sport so that decisions about improved techniques and other information in order to adulthood and know how these changes influence the sequential learning related to this development and know refer the athletes to appropriate their responses to training and activities and guarding against the possibility performance Standard Demonstrate knowledge of the use and abuse of Standard Identify and interpret to co-coaches athletes concerned others and by maintaining emotional control and social and emotional growth of athletes Standard Be sufficiently familiar recognizing the dynamic relationship of personality Skills Tactics and Strategies Standard Identify and apply and enforce the rules and regulations of appropriate bodies and Administration Standard Know the key elements of and selection of personnel involved in relations activities Standard Acquire sufficient practical field experience and supervision experiences Source National Association for Sport G A Systematic Approach to of Physical Education Recreation and and Athletic Director May-June pp National Association for Sports Available At www aahperd org naspe Schempp Paul Coaching Post-Gazette May Available At www post-gazette Evaluating High School Football Coaches The purpose of this should conductsuch an evaluation Attached as an appendix to the avariety of roles sports instructor surrogate parent counselor rolemodel is linked to themyriad roles that the coach undertakes embrace as a learningexperience that can lead to improved performance a win-loss recordhas been dismissed by professionals a giant step forward with thepublication of assessing a footballcoach's performance address the various for student athletes oreven improving a win loss record and as such are evaluatedin accordance with the local school as categorized intoeight domains a injuries prevention care professionalpreparation and development The standards that are thus serve as a clear framework foridentifying of athleticcoaches must be systematic be noargument about the potential usefulness should therefore be anintegral part of the evaluation process which these groups of stakeholders can contribute to characterizecoaches with respect primarily to win and loss records valuable lessons about life andcharacter as well as athletic p conducted a study of high school athletic coaches and perspectives of student athletes in an evaluation of discrete domains in whichcoaches must exhibit competence knowledge believes that coaches mustbe evaluated not only with respect to effects on young athletes A focus onwinning human endeavor A combination of experience practice and knowledge a form of motivation and the empowermentof student athletes In commitment tothe team effort The coach should realize the evaluating administrator which focuses onthe interactions that take to competently and thoroughly evaluate a coach'sperformance Bell coaches in distinct and identifiable stages Coaches move frombeginner status coach iscurrently located What is required of a new tothe field of athletics and physical education All This measure is clearly inadequate because asthe talent pool available in a school the difficulty of be useful in establishing a set of evaluationcriteria at well-being of athletes knowledge of risk management procedures tasks of coaches must not be overlooked nutrition avoidance of performance enhancing substances safe training thatcoaches are teachers and instructors is administrators athletic directors members of thecoaching staff and players themselves performance Athletes are particularlyvaluable in identifying evaluation process White p reported on the hiring process used the deciding vote ona new school football program canenhance a lead evaluator's understanding of evaluating coaches can use the standards to best possibleexperience for sport participants Elevating program Appendix A Evaluation Checklist NASPE Standards The following listing beused in conjunction with the evaluation a composite score for each ofthe competency safe playing conditions Standard Ensure that protective equipment is in Safety Commission USCPSC Standard Recognize that proper planning and scheduling practices and contests the ability to assist athletes with of injuries by coordinating the roles and actions education about injury prevention injury reporting and sources and risk management Standard Properly inform coaching appropriate medical insurance Standard Participate in continuing Learning Standard Recognize the developmental physical changes that development of the athletes being coached information and individual body structure Standard Provide instruction to of the age group coached Domain Training Conditioning and Nutrition and sound physiological principles taking into account and educate athletes about the effects philosophy that acknowledges the role from participation in sports programs Standard appropriate feedback Standard Conduct practices long range goals Standard Treat each self-discipline support of teammates following directions etc and structure experiences involved Standard Organize and implement materials for scouting planning established program goals that are used to introduce and refine them Standard Demonstrate objective in implementing sports programs e of athlete coached This would include a February pp Bouche Jim Football Coaching A Matter of Trust J Evaluating High School Coaches Perceptions of Coach and Athletic Director September pp Masin domainsStandards html National Association for Sports and Physical A National Standards for Athletic Coaches The school football coach Also important in this in conducting a thorough-going evaluation focus is on football is a task their way of coaching teaching it Evaluation is therefore football coach should be evaluatedlargely let use ofcoaching standards as a basis for the evaluation the Appendix to this report and According to Sullivan pp effective football coaching ismore than mounting aneffective performance on the field Most however a set of standards against which performance can social and psychological aspects of coaching f skills should exhibit Standardssuch as these can be used by secondary should exhibit in the performance of his p also states that while there may be a certainawkwardness what is working and what isn't and what the on staff members of the secondary school coaches Herman Masin p commented in anyevaluation process Good football coaches are focused on winning they must also be focused on developing allowing studentathletes to participate in such evaluations Most coaching evaluationsreflect In developing the attached set of standards aspects of coaching and teaching coaches and othersecondary school coaches and coaches who aim forexcellence must understand the an understanding not only ofthe sports-centered knowledge needed for excellence offensive and defensive football positions High school footballcoaches are thiscontext should include obtaining input takes the position that anumber of of coaches at different stages oftheir professional careers Expertise evaluation is being conducted it is important to measurethe career has advancedor developed Bell p claims set of criteria among which a win a number of variables Among teams The NASPE Coaches Council p developed a Code of and preparation for coaching thewillingness to serve as a role necessity ofremembering that competition should be healthy ad enjoyable their long-term career potential or interests must beinstructed by do not speak to thequestion of wins and losses or maintains that a number of actors should be recognized that student athletes are in an ideal position to recognizethat student athletes are only one of acoach has been hired involves players administrators and modified to address evaluation of the discussing the NASPE Standards found in the Appendix of a commitment to raising thelevel of the single criterion of a win loss record that a ranking scale identifying five different levels ofexpertise expert coaches A rating scale with proficiency levelsranging Evaluating Football Athletic Coaches Domain Injuries Prevention Care and facilities meet required standards American risk of injuries by considering the effects for appropriate emergency care Standard Demonstrate skill in the prevention with guidelines provided by qualified medical personnel Standard Facilitate a trainer with those of the physician a coaching position i e proper supervision planning and participation can be made with informed enhance the safety and success of and performance of motor skills in a specific sport where to refer them for appropriate assistance counsel as needed Standard Provide learning conditioning Standard Design programs of training and of over-training be able to modify programs as needed drugs and promote sound chemical health Domain Social Psychological the general public the values demonstrating respect for athletes officials and other with the basic principles of goal and socio-cultural variables such as gender specific competitive tactics and strategies that govern sport and education Standard Organize conduct and sport principles and technical skills the athletic program and for periodic program reviews Domain Professional in the essential coaching areas to ensure an adequate level Physical Education pp Works CitedBell Martie The Development of the Evaluation of the Coach and his Dance August pp LaCicero Joseph and Physical Education National Standards for Athletic Coaches Available at G Developing Expertise in Teaching and Coaching The Journal of com highschoolsports hscoach asp brief report is to identify the elements report is a checklist of attributes of the football and classroom teacher Evaluating the According to Albert G Figone p good on and off the field In in the field The National Associationfor Sport and National Standards for Athletic Coaches The standards acopy activities of a coach and theknowledge over time Football coaches are teachersand educators authority's required evaluationprocesses and procedures Because and management b riskmanagement c growth development and grouped into domains are defined by competencies that reflect the the key competencies that an effective coach and must include input from administrators inthe school the of the result Good coaches wantto know how should also include schooladministrators or principals the athletic director to a broad-based assessment of a football coach's efficacy Character is animportant determinant of performance Most coaches says Masin p are hard-working student athletes The study revealed of afootball coach's performance will and skills It is important torecognize that skills in developing winning oreffective athletic as the primary determinant of coaching excellence tends to ignorethese isneeded to attain expertise The difficult topic this context LaCicero p argues that the responsibility offootball coaches that his primary duty is place between the coach and players on and offthe field pp asserts that different evaluation standards to competency and on to proficiency beginning football coach shouldnot be equated with too often secondaryschool football and other coaches it reduces thetasks performed by a football coach to a the team'sschedule administrative support for the football program and the the local school level This Code of and acommitment to the values of honesty integrity fair play in theevaluation process NASPE Coaches Council andconditioning techniques and the development of appropriate performanceattitudes therefore a critical aspect of theevaluation While many coaches might beuncomfortable with student the degree to which coaches communicate effectivelyand motivate by a Pennsylvaniahigh school This hire in the high school other key actors are involved how the coach and hisperformance is perceived by those define qualifications Theuse of standards of this type in both the evaluation process toinclude all of of NASPE coaching standards is meant to be usedin evaluating In other words beginning coachesshould be required to exhibit domains and a total score across all domains is good condition fits properly and is conditioning and good health are vital to the and implementing programs for physical conditioning Standard Be able the recovery rehabilitation from injuries that are generally associated with of the coach and a of medical care Domain Risk Management Standard Understand the assistants athletes and parents guardians of the inherent risks education regarding rules changes improvements in equipment philosophical changes occur as athletes move from youth through know how to recognize problems develop sport-specific motor skills and Standard Demonstrate a basic knowledge of physiological systems and each individual's ability and medical history avoiding contra-indicated exercises and of nutrition upon health and physical of athletics in developing the complete person Identify and apply ethical conduct in sport and competitions to enhance the physical athlete as an individual while to develop such behaviors in each athlete Domain practices and analysis of games Standard Understand appropriate for different stages of the season Domain Teaching and effective procedures for the evaluation g event management budgetary procedures facility maintenance participation in public variety of knowledge skills and Coach and Athletic Director August pp Figone Albert Coaches and Student Athletes The Journal Herman L Saints and Sinners Coach Education Coaches Council The Coaches Code of Conduct Journal of Physical Education Recreation Dance April pp White Mike context is the identification of who Coaches in the secondary school environment are required to assume thatis equally complex Figone p This complexity somethingthat a secondary school football coach should alone primarily or solely with respect to of high school coaches Sullivan p In NASPE took which servesas an evaluation checklist that can be used in winning games awards for the program or coaches in the secondary schoolenvironment also function as classroom teachers be evaluated hasbecome necessary Sullivan p described the NASPE standards tactics and strategies g teaching and administration and h school administrators charged withevaluating a coach's performance they duties Figone p believes that above all the evaluation in having athletes evaluate their coach there can players think of him Players coaching staff and possibly parents Each of that it is difficult and inappropriate competent teachers as wellas excellent role models who have imparted positiveattitudes and high levels of self-esteem among their players Kuga opinions of principals athletic directors and other coaches Including the for secondary schoolcoaches the NASPE p considered a number and administrationcompetencies In other words the NASPE p to recognize that sports participation haspsychological emotional and social qualities that place individuals at the topof but the moreintangible aspects of coaching as in a unique position to mold a young athlete's from student athletes It shouldalso include observation by different strategies obtaining various types of insight arerequired in order appears to grow among football andother coach's performance with respect to the stage at which the that the study of expertise is relatively loss record has tended topredominate these variables are such items Conduct forcoaches that can also model dedication to maintaining the healthand for allparticipants NASPE Coaches Council p The educational their coaches with regard to such issues as awards for star athletes Recognizing participate in this process Included are school toassess the efficacy of the coach's several groups who need to beinvolved in the booster clubs While the school board and school administrators have coach Garnering inputfrom all the stakeholders in the secondary thisreport Sullivan p noted that administrators responsible for hiringand coaching expertise in order to provide the benefits all stakeholdersin the athletic beginner novice competent proficient and expert should from low to high is employed and Management Standard Prevent injuries by recognizing and insisting on Society for Testing Materials ASTM and U S Consumer Product of environmental conditions on the circulatory and respiratory systems when recognition and evaluation of injuries and unified medical program of prevention care and management Standard Provide coaching assistants athletes and parents guardians with instruction matching participants safety first aid consent Standard Know and convey the need and availability of the athlete Domain Growth Development and Standard Understand the social and emotional when necessary Standard Analyze human performance in terms of developmental experiences appropriate to the growth and development conditioning that properly incorporate the mechanics of movement Standard Demonstrate knowledge of proper nutrition Aspects of Coaching Standard Subscribe to a that are to be developed coaches Standard Demonstrate effective motivational skills and provide positive setting to motivate athletes toward immediate and race and socio-economic differences Standard Identify desirable behaviors appropriate for the age and skill levels evaluate practice sessions with regard to as well as the various teaching methods that can be Preparation and Development Standard Demonstrate organizational and administrative efficiency of coaching competence for the level Expertise The Journal of Physical Education Dance Program Coach and Athletic Director February pp Kuga Donna Molding the Young Football Player's Commitment to the Team Effort www aahperd org naspe template cfm template Physical Education Recreation Dance February pp Sullivan Patricia thatshould be addressed in an evaluation of a secondary or athletic coach that can be extremelyuseful performance of a high schoolathletic coach including those whose coaches are always interested in improving both their knowledgeand essence the notion that a Physical Education NASPE has long advocated the of which is contained in skills and attitude required for excellence in the field as well as tacticians and strategists capable of coaches are more than classroom teachers learning d training conditioningand nutrition e minimum centralskills knowledge and attitudes that coaches regardless of awin loss record athletic director the coaching staff and possibly playersas well Figone well they are coming across if the school has sucha professional In discussing the evaluation of coaching excellence and should be included articulate stimulating and driven individuals Though that most scholars useevaluations to estimate coaching efficiency without enhance knowledge about the coach and hisperceived competence these standards include the domains of thesocial psychological programs It is crucial for football other important coaching functions Schempp p contends that teachers of identifying the elusivequalities of an expert football coach requires especially in the high school environment extends beyondmere tocreate team synergy Evaluating the efficacy of coaching efforts in In other words LaCicero p should beemployed when assessing the performance and finally to expertstatus When an what is required of a coach whose are tacitly evaluated with regard to alimited single outcome measure which isshaped by fullrange of human and other resources needed to field winning Conduct emphasizes thenecessity of appropriate knowledge andsportsmanship The Code of Conduct also emphasizes the p Football players regardless of and behaviors Clearly these activities process In discussing who should evaluate coaches Jim Bouche p participation in the evaluation process itshould their players At the same time it is important process which has implications for evaluation after as well Thisprocess can be upon whom that performance impacts mostdirectly In hiring and evaluation of football andother secondary school coaches demonstrates the roles and responsibilities of the football coach andnot and assessing coaching performance and excellence NASPE p stated each competency but should be assessed lessstringently than thencomputed Summary of Standards For worn as prescribed by the manufacturer ensure that equipment prevention of athletic injuries Standard Prevent exposure to the to plan coordinate and implement procedures participation in athletics in accordance National Athletic Trainers Association NATA certified athletic scope of legal responsibilities that comes with assuming associated with sport so that decisions about improved techniques and other information in order to adulthood and know how these changes influence the sequential learning related to this development and know refer the athletes to appropriate their responses to training and activities and guarding against the possibility performance Standard Demonstrate knowledge of the use and abuse of Standard Identify and interpret to co-coaches athletes concerned others and by maintaining emotional control and social and emotional growth of athletes Standard Be sufficiently familiar recognizing the dynamic relationship of personality Skills Tactics and Strategies Standard Identify and apply and enforce the rules and regulations of appropriate bodies and Administration Standard Know the key elements of and selection of personnel involved in relations activities Standard Acquire sufficient practical field experience and supervision experiences Source National Association for Sport G A Systematic Approach to of Physical Education Recreation and and Athletic Director May-June pp National Association for Sports Available At www aahperd org naspe Schempp Paul Coaching Post-Gazette May Available At www post-gazette
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