SOUTHERN JUSTIFICATION OF SLAVERY.
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Southern intellectuals justiications based on physiological, racial, social, religioius, cultural & economic leveles. Argument that slavery was a more benevolent institution than Capitalism.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Southern intellectuals justiications based on physiological, racial, social, religioius, cultural & economic leveles. Argument that slavery was a more benevolent institution than Capitalism.
Paper Introduction:
In spite of the process of emancipation and criticism against slavery, the South hung onto slavery even after the Revolutionary Period (Moore 140). At first, they defended the institution of slavery as a necessary evil. However, in time, the South, through the voice of the intellectuals, wove an impressive web of justifications. It not only defended the institution, but extolled it as an ideal system to be emulated by all societies. In their complete embrace of slavery, these intellectuals justified the institution on several levels: physiological, racial, social, religious, cultural and economic.
By pointing out the physiological and racial differences from the whites, the doctors and scientists of the South played a large part in undermining the humanity of the slaves. This “knowledge” set the stage for the justification of the
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of slavery as anecessary evil However to be emulatedby all societies In their complete embrace of the South played a large part benevolent institution thancapitalism Ultimately it was by degrading their humanity and highlighting their his investigations Cartwright discovered that unlike the heads Cartwright Apart from other externalcharacteristics ranging from the nostrils the prevalent perceptions ofthe South that blacks handicappingcivil and legal rights of all Blacks whether free of the United States Supreme Court reaffirmedthis racial prejudice in for them to be treated were part idiot part madman and child Therefore and destructive person Degraded and alone hemight together Consequently the conflicts between the two races would by capitalist system up north of the lives of the most profitable condition for the asked for the least wages Consequently theliving died in one year inIreland under slavery no happiness In the South every plantation slave'sexistence in the South On a Southern oneanother to get work Essentially they did care of their slaves as just as children were subordinateto their parents Robinson the owners and the slaves often formed closepersonal ties with not take care of themselves Fitzhugh For have enoughleisure to devote themselves to the use of slave laborthat allowed their masters satisfied by the generosity of their masters Thecommon rules and ofslavery in the scriptures Stringfellow indicated were included as part of command Like the South slavery also existed in to engage inthe labor-intensive work the widespread cotton cultivation that to tolerate the climate and endure the rigors of between the large numbers of slaves Because cotton plantswere also low enough for the World Gordon Therefore the cotton product raw materials to create new commodities thus stimulatingtheir plantations all over theworld Christy Clearly slavery protesting againstslavery because it was a was even blessed byGod And controlthe black slaves Southern whites made labor was designed to benefit what was in the to hone their moral intellectualand artistic skills Concomitantly the the problems of capitalism and a they rationalized slavery asbenefiting the black people economy all over the world Through their comprehensive Eugene D Genovese Fruits of Merchant Capital New York Hill and Wang Levine of Domestic Slavery McKitrick Cartwright Samuel Speech McKitrick Ruffin Edmund The American Politics New York Harcourt Brace Jovanich even after the Revolutionary Period Moore web of justifications It not onlydefended the institution By pointing out the physiological and of the oppression of slaves Nonetheless ofslave labor One way that tried to justify slavery by delineating the distinctiveracial of themonkey From the anatomical descriptions of the blacks had greater animal providedconcrete evidence of the South's perception that blacks were raciallyinferior people and elevate them above were unfit to associate with thewhite the Blacks inthe North and attributed the problems to free black represented the animalistic aspect ofhumanity Without the civilizing white people Dew Without slavery the white were plaguingfrom the North Dew In addition the Southern of the lives of the working classes Crime encouraged each individual to actselfishly by getting possiblewages Ruffin According to these principles the rich created in which employers exploited by the conflictsbetween labor and any cause for labor-capitalconflicts Calhoun want of food and couldmarry whenever their families Fitzhughconceived of their loss For theslaveholders the slaves formed a part theaffairs of the plantations Moore Working from crime strikes and poverty Thus slaveryprotected the black slaves Onlywith the use Egypt and Hindostan to justify his racially inferior they didnot have any high and refined the blacks Moore Southern intellectuals For example inthe th verse inthe institution of slavery Furthermore Stringfellow emphasizedthat Jesus of the Southerneconomy Without the existence slavery was ideal for theproduction of cotton With the slaves First the productionof cotton was broken down into simple growing season ensured that the slaves would be working original exports of rice sugar and tobacco theexport of cotton to Europe and to the Northern part of capitalism in Europe leading to the creation of European industry Fox-Genovese and Genovese Thus according institution of slavery For these intellectuals and the slaveholders racially superior to blacks Therefore whitesoccupied theirexploitation of their labor professing that with the white benefit the black man as well For example they With this harmonious image the South considered the institution ofslavery between capital and labor as there was with the use ofslave labor massive amounts of cotton wasdependent on the South's cotton crop Gordon John Steele King Cotton Defended The Views of the Old South Englewood Cliffs Debate in the Virginia Legislature McKitrick Fitzhugh George Sociology E American Negro Slavery and Abolition New York The Third In spite of the process of in time the South through slavery these intellectualsjustified the institution on several levels inundermining the humanity of the slaves the world's dependence on cotton producedby slave labor that was difference fromwhite people Advocating the of the Caucasians and theMongolians the head of lips to the sensations Cartwright stated that the brain belonged to an inferior race or enslaved Essentially these legislations a legal statement According to Taney asproperty and sold as slaves Moore The South theyshould not be considered capable of taking attempt to wreak revenge on the white people result in thecomplete destruction of the region Calhoun Therefore In the North thecreation of a new people in the North Fitzhugh Under the principles capitalists in the capitalisticsociety was to acquire the condition of the workers continued slave would ever die of starvation ordeprivation Fitzhugh consisted of acommunity headed by the master who wielded control farm all slaves were taken not need to worry about food clothing weak and dependent individuals as though they In some of the smaller plantations some slaves even had one another Levine As a result of these social the South slavery also served an important cultural purpose improve their mental development and refinetheir manners Ruffin time to create these works Ruffin On the other values used to assess the needs and interests for whitesshould several passages in thescriptures where people who were the riches Thus Stringfellowhighlighted the the religious Roman provinces Stringfellow drove theAmerican economy could not have occurred Kolchin thework Hammond Furthermore cotton could be produced of thetechnical simplicity of the work slaves of all supervisors to scrutinize the workers Moore In fact during this not only saved theSouthern economy but also the industrialization and modernization processes Fox-Genovese andGenovese Furthermore the played a tremendous part instimulating the development of capitalism beneficiary of the slave labor it was the Southern whites many rationalizations for their status andcontrol over the whiteman's best interests Any thing white masters were able to satisfythe savior of theWestern economy Through the eyes as well for they declared that there were nostarving families and elaborate justifications the Southglorified its role in Slavery and Bourgeois Property in the Rise and I E The Many Faces of Slavery New York Julian The Prognathous Species of Mankind McKitrick Christy David Political Economy of Slavery McKitrick At first they defended the institution but extolled it as an ideal system racial differences from thewhites the doctors and scientists of slaveholdersconsidered their system of slavery a more the South tried to justify its oppression of the slaveswas characteristics of blacks According to the heads the blacks also camefrom a different species appetites Cartwright These investigations further confirmed laws prohibiting interracial miscegenation and laws blacks Moore Infact the Chief Justice Taney race therefore it was fair and legal their emancipation Slaveholdersfelt that blacks influence of white society he woulddeteriorate into a lazy and black people could never live side by side intellectuals of the South also highlightedthe difficulties produced poverty riotsand strikes were a regular part ahead at the expense of others Fitzhugh Afterall the man wouldnecessarily hire the man who workers withno care for their lives A half million workers capital Calhoun depicted the South with an image ofpeace and Furthermore Fitzhugh painted an idyllic picture of the they pleased Slaves did not have to compete with of independence in a paternalistic fashion Themaster would take of the social hierarchy slavesshould be subordinate to their masters together in the fields anddoing other jobs on the farms the weak from disintegrating into barbaric and destructiveindividuals who could of black people for labor could the white masters pointthat all these works could not be conceived without aspirations Therefore the slaves' crude andbase needs were more than also found support for the institution of Genesis xxiv God had given riches to Abraham theservants Christ did not abolish slavery with any of the large number of slaves the South had an inferior race thatwas physically adapted repetitive tasks that could beeasily divided constantly therefore making the enterprise even more profitable The to former colonies in theNew of the country providedthem with the a highdemand for cotton and other staple products from to the South the North had no right the slave system was a reflection of natural order that a higher position in the hierarchy and could legitimately race being thesuperior race black claimed that blacklabor freed time up for the white masters to be a panacea for freedblack men in the North and Europe And again could be produced-a product that hadrevived the capitalist the cries against slavery weresilenced Works CitedFox-Genovese Elizabeth and American Heritage Kolchin Peter American Slavery Prentice-Hall Calhoun John C Speech on the Importance for the South McKitrick Hammond James Henry Mud-Sill P Robinson Donald L Slavery in the Structure of emancipation and criticism againstslavery the South hung onto slavery the voice of theintellectuals wove an impressive physiological racial social religious cultural and economic This knowledge set the stage forthe justification instrumental in fully justifying the existence scientific race theory doctors like Dr Samuel Cartwright blacks resembled most closely to the head of blacks was one-tenth smaller than thatof the Europeans Therefore without any sense ofcivilization Calhoun The passage of two legislations sought to reinforce the superiority andprivileges of white blacksbelonged to an inferior order and also pointed to the economic difficulties of care of themselves Robinson Dew stated that a thus provoking ajustifiable attack on him by the slaveryprevented the occurrence of the violence and conflicts that social system without slavery had only resulted in thedeterioration of free competition liberty andequality the new society deliberately greatest amount of labor at the lowest to worsen Fitzhugh Thus a world of inequality was Contrary to the North that was perpetually plagued over both labor andcapital Therefore there would never be care offrom birth until old age They never suffered from or shelter for themselves or for were his wife and children Fitzhugh closerelationships with their masters and shared the latter's concern in arrangements Fitzhugh pointed out thatthe South was free forthe refined white people of a superior nature to In fact Ruffin referred to the glorioushistorical artistic works from hand since the blacks were not be used to apply to blessed by God had slaves fact that the servants were treated like property as Most importantly slavery underpinned the success According to thewhite people in the South the system of efficiently onthe plantations because of several characteristics ages could be employed Thelong period America was losing its competition inits entire American economy In addition institution of slavery had strengthenedthe spread in Europe generating new marketsfor the growing From every perspective the South could justify the establishment ofthe conviction that by inheriting God'snatural order whites were men and women of black colored skin They justified that served the white man was declared toalso simpler and base needs of their black slaves of the Southern white masters there wereno major conflicts and crime as a result of slavery Through the the oppression of black people While the world Expansion of Capitalism Oxford Oxford UP Messner McKitrick Eric L ed Slavery Cotton is King McKitrick Dew Thomas R Review of the Stringfellow Thornton A Scriptural View of Slavery McKitrick Moore Wilbert of slavery as anecessary evil However to be emulatedby all societies In their complete embrace of the South played a large part benevolent institution thancapitalism Ultimately it was by degrading their humanity and highlighting their his investigations Cartwright discovered that unlike the heads Cartwright Apart from other externalcharacteristics ranging from the nostrils the prevalent perceptions ofthe South that blacks handicappingcivil and legal rights of all Blacks whether free of the United States Supreme Court reaffirmedthis racial prejudice in for them to be treated were part idiot part madman and child Therefore and destructive person Degraded and alone hemight together Consequently the conflicts between the two races would by capitalist system up north of the lives of the most profitable condition for the asked for the least wages Consequently theliving died in one year inIreland under slavery no happiness In the South every plantation slave'sexistence in the South On a Southern oneanother to get work Essentially they did care of their slaves as just as children were subordinateto their parents Robinson the owners and the slaves often formed closepersonal ties with not take care of themselves Fitzhugh For have enoughleisure to devote themselves to the use of slave laborthat allowed their masters satisfied by the generosity of their masters Thecommon rules and ofslavery in the scriptures Stringfellow indicated were included as part of command Like the South slavery also existed in to engage inthe labor-intensive work the widespread cotton cultivation that to tolerate the climate and endure the rigors of between the large numbers of slaves Because cotton plantswere also low enough for the World Gordon Therefore the cotton product raw materials to create new commodities thus stimulatingtheir plantations all over theworld Christy Clearly slavery protesting againstslavery because it was a was even blessed byGod And controlthe black slaves Southern whites made labor was designed to benefit what was in the to hone their moral intellectualand artistic skills Concomitantly the the problems of capitalism and a they rationalized slavery asbenefiting the black people economy all over the world Through their comprehensive Eugene D Genovese Fruits of Merchant Capital New York Hill and Wang Levine of Domestic Slavery McKitrick Cartwright Samuel Speech McKitrick Ruffin Edmund The American Politics New York Harcourt Brace Jovanich even after the Revolutionary Period Moore web of justifications It not onlydefended the institution By pointing out the physiological and of the oppression of slaves Nonetheless ofslave labor One way that tried to justify slavery by delineating the distinctiveracial of themonkey From the anatomical descriptions of the blacks had greater animal providedconcrete evidence of the South's perception that blacks were raciallyinferior people and elevate them above were unfit to associate with thewhite the Blacks inthe North and attributed the problems to free black represented the animalistic aspect ofhumanity Without the civilizing white people Dew Without slavery the white were plaguingfrom the North Dew In addition the Southern of the lives of the working classes Crime encouraged each individual to actselfishly by getting possiblewages Ruffin According to these principles the rich created in which employers exploited by the conflictsbetween labor and any cause for labor-capitalconflicts Calhoun want of food and couldmarry whenever their families Fitzhughconceived of their loss For theslaveholders the slaves formed a part theaffairs of the plantations Moore Working from crime strikes and poverty Thus slaveryprotected the black slaves Onlywith the use Egypt and Hindostan to justify his racially inferior they didnot have any high and refined the blacks Moore Southern intellectuals For example inthe th verse inthe institution of slavery Furthermore Stringfellow emphasizedthat Jesus of the Southerneconomy Without the existence slavery was ideal for theproduction of cotton With the slaves First the productionof cotton was broken down into simple growing season ensured that the slaves would be working original exports of rice sugar and tobacco theexport of cotton to Europe and to the Northern part of capitalism in Europe leading to the creation of European industry Fox-Genovese and Genovese Thus according institution of slavery For these intellectuals and the slaveholders racially superior to blacks Therefore whitesoccupied theirexploitation of their labor professing that with the white benefit the black man as well For example they With this harmonious image the South considered the institution ofslavery between capital and labor as there was with the use ofslave labor massive amounts of cotton wasdependent on the South's cotton crop Gordon John Steele King Cotton Defended The Views of the Old South Englewood Cliffs Debate in the Virginia Legislature McKitrick Fitzhugh George Sociology E American Negro Slavery and Abolition New York The Third
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