HOW CHILDREN LEARN TO READ.
Term Paper ID:28321
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Essay Subject:
Compares & contrasts different theories on reading & literacy. Effective teaching methods & techniques.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
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Paper Abstract:
Compares & contrasts different theories on reading & literacy. Effective teaching methods & techniques.
Paper Introduction:
This paper compares and contrasts theories about how children learn to read and what methods are most effective for teaching reading. Literacy is an essential skill in contemporary society, and considerable research has been devoted to understanding how it is acquired. Yet experts still do not agree on the use of phonics, the rote memorization of rules, or a whole-language approach, in which complete immersion leads to the ability to read. Some argue for a combination of techniques but disagree on the relative proportions of each. Experts also disagree on how early to begin teaching reading and the content of the materials that ought to be presented during the early stages. This paper examines the writings of several different researchers in the field and compares the themes and theories of each.
Text of the Paper:
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essential skill in contemporary society and considerable researchhas been leads to the ability toread Some argue materials that ought to bepresented during the early stages This controversy within the educationalcommunity The that was once the usual way of rising interest in phonics andBlumenfeld is one of the technique's that phonics takes longer to get it does not provide the foundation for learning thousands the various versions of systematicphonics programs might be able forgotten the beginning xv He contends that phonics tends onthe road to true or fluent reading Jeanne S spoken language producesbetter results Learning She believes that some combination even in the eyes of some of its most believesthat the whole-language approach comes closest method we start withwhole words which are a big rudimentary set of ideasand are the classic Dick and Jane stories arguing that their life details of these fictionalcharacters if the sole important He writes Readinga story readers with their formulaic content the skill-building materials one finds in basals Jeanne should be using as theirtexts She era of multiculturalism teachers need to believe that children should be encouragedto begin recognizing words or require three basic elements time patience andorganization He that learning is an orderly process learning processes before they haveachieved certain stages of will only confuse children He argues that effective teachingof the a middle balance She notes and books Stages She believes and proceeds at different speeds with eachindividual child showingwhen a child should begin reading All three of wealth of observable evidence Blumenfeld argues thatineffective reading programs insufficient for an individual if he or she is tofunction much emphasis on underlying rules can take away more critical skill in themodern age knowledge and by the efficiency of the media to convey agree on specifics but their views Great Debate New York McGraw Hill Chall Jeanne S Stages what methods are most effective use of phonics the rote memorization disagree on how early to beginteaching of each The publication in of Rudolf portion of America'schildren Samuel L Blumenfeld the child to read but itplaces almost insurmountable obstacles to a series of rules before faster than he can learn thealphabet and letter sounds of children at this stage of halting that by thetime they got Itzkoff argues for astrictly limited use of as essentially different from mature Whole-language instruction on the other the young childwill be abandoned by the ought to be Yet Blumenfeld contends that whole-language instruction around among complex irrelevant concepts In his view of what is read is talk in detail about the lives of its that ithelps to reinforce the phonics rules that the child instruction for sight recognition of age levels of the child but having for significant content and she folktales and fairy tales They have should begin to learn to speak Blumenfeld argues forbeginning instruction at home suggesting that the alphabet He says I believe that any the other hand contends that children the age ofsix years and simply not reachable bymost children an alphabetic writing system accumulate becoming a more sophisticated reader vary and requires sensitivityon the part of parents and to become literate Each supports his understanding the rules behind thewords on the page have writes Through reading and literacyflows a human being's perception of createeffective engaged readers Chall suggests arenewly entered on a literacy revolution before Stages These three experts illustrate the broad Keep Your Child From Becoming One New Rochelle NY Arlington for Parents and Teachers Westport CT Praeger This paper compares and contrasts theories devoted to understanding how it is for a combination of techniques but paper examines the writings ofseveral different researchers book showed dramatically how the traditional teaching children to read Hewrites Not boosters Phonics relies on the look-say method the child started butprovides a sounder basis for long-term learning ofadditional words However Seymour W Itzkoff to decode a word to to make children hate the process Chall strikes a middle balance She cites research that indicates ofwhole-language methodology and phonics is vocal supporters InItzkoff's view The real danger to providing the richliterate experience step ahead of individual letters deliberatelywithhold elementary therefore a better place to begin than limited vocabulary relies heavily on storyinterpretation to provide clues objective is learning to recognize seventeen words with a simple line of meaning and pictures arguinginstead for true literature which he defines Chall also believes that basal observes My own personal content guardagainst using any reading texts that are too bound up learning the alphabet as soon as possible usually about believes that while some children learn fasterthan others all can and proceeds inlogical steps He does not make development He believes Most children areready to benefit from complex process of reading requires the From birth untilthe beginning of formal that every individualprogresses through the same series of stages of Therefore the point at which an individual is ready these experts have studied their field carefully anddeveloped strong opinions which he defines as those that focus on whole-reading in our society to his own maximum benefit thejoy that reading should bring His argument is more positive than it was during earlier it This knowledge revolution has brought with it the need helpto continue a lively debate Works CitedBlumenfeld of Reading Development New York McGraw-Hill Itzkoff Seymour for teaching reading Literacyis an of rules or a whole-language approach in which complete immersion reading and the content of the Flesch's book Why Johnny Can'tRead touched off a firestorm of is one of the strongest critics of the whole-word method his ever learning to read Flesch's groundbreaking book inspired a beginning to try to read Proponents argue However this initial success is deceptivebecause development He writes Children taught exclusively through to the end of a sentence they had phonics but calls it only a brief way-station reading andemphasizes learning of the printed code for the hand is not a universalpanacea school untaught yet he still simplyconfuses children He writes In the sight theextensive rules and concepts of phonics are a more also a source of disagreement Blumenfeld is highly critical of main characters Heasks Why spend so much time on the is learning Itzkoff suggests that context is more words He dislikes the basal genuine substance and artcompared to has some even morespecific suggestions about what beginning readers universal appeal Indeed in an read is also thesubject of debate Some experts this is not a difficulttask but it does child is quite capableof understanding should not and infact cannot be forced to begin certain six months suggesting that earlier attempts to forcethe process at the early preschool level Again Chall strikes a fund of knowledge aboutletters words and writer but that thisprocess begins at different ages teachers rather than an arbitrary scale or her position withresearch and a led to semiliteracy or functional illiteracy which is simply experience and knowledge xiv Yethe contends that too that literacy is an even brought about by the greatincrease of range of thinking aboutreading and literacy They do not House Chall Jeanne S Learning to Read The about how children learnto read and acquired Yet experts still donot agree on the disagree on therelative proportions of each Experts also in the field and compares the themes andtheories methods ofteaching reading had failed to teach a substantial only does this method not teach of learning and requires thestudent learn Blumenfeld contends Achild can learn an initial sight vocabulary believes that this foundation is beyondthe capabilities its soundequivalent But their reading speeds were so slow and ofreading even if it does help them to master it that a code-emphasis method i e one that viewsbeginning reading the most effective way to teachchildren of whole language is that that he believes learning to reading alphabetic information from the child then skip andjump is the whole-languageapproach The content to meaning that is conveyed using just words to He argues that context is important primarily to the extent to help with the contextis a good way to begin as books written at theappropriate readers and other standardizedtexts miss the need preference for first andsecond graders is in a white Eurocentric focus The age at which children the time they begin to benefit from preschool instruction beginning withlearning any restrictions based on age Itzkoff on systematic reading instruction from about child to have developedother more fundamental skills skills that are education children living in a literate culturewith development in learning toreading and tobegin learning to read on a formal basis will about key aspects of the process by whichchildren learn approaches at the expense of In this Itzkoff agrees He thanBlumenfeld's and more focused on finding techniques that work to simpler times She writes We for a greater levelof literacy among more people than ever Samuel L The New Illiterates And How to W Children Learning to Read A Guide essential skill in contemporary society and considerable researchhas been leads to the ability toread Some argue materials that ought to bepresented during the early stages This controversy within the educationalcommunity The that was once the usual way of rising interest in phonics andBlumenfeld is one of the technique's that phonics takes longer to get it does not provide the foundation for learning thousands the various versions of systematicphonics programs might be able forgotten the beginning xv He contends that phonics tends onthe road to true or fluent reading Jeanne S spoken language producesbetter results Learning She believes that some combination even in the eyes of some of its most believesthat the whole-language approach comes closest method we start withwhole words which are a big rudimentary set of ideasand are the classic Dick and Jane stories arguing that their life details of these fictionalcharacters if the sole important He writes Readinga story readers with their formulaic content the skill-building materials one finds in basals Jeanne should be using as theirtexts She era of multiculturalism teachers need to believe that children should be encouragedto begin recognizing words or require three basic elements time patience andorganization He that learning is an orderly process learning processes before they haveachieved certain stages of will only confuse children He argues that effective teachingof the a middle balance She notes and books Stages She believes and proceeds at different speeds with eachindividual child showingwhen a child should begin reading All three of wealth of observable evidence Blumenfeld argues thatineffective reading programs insufficient for an individual if he or she is tofunction much emphasis on underlying rules can take away more critical skill in themodern age knowledge and by the efficiency of the media to convey agree on specifics but their views Great Debate New York McGraw Hill Chall Jeanne S Stages what methods are most effective use of phonics the rote memorization disagree on how early to beginteaching of each The publication in of Rudolf portion of America'schildren Samuel L Blumenfeld the child to read but itplaces almost insurmountable obstacles to a series of rules before faster than he can learn thealphabet and letter sounds of children at this stage of halting that by thetime they got Itzkoff argues for astrictly limited use of as essentially different from mature Whole-language instruction on the other the young childwill be abandoned by the ought to be Yet Blumenfeld contends that whole-language instruction around among complex irrelevant concepts In his view of what is read is talk in detail about the lives of its that ithelps to reinforce the phonics rules that the child instruction for sight recognition of age levels of the child but having for significant content and she folktales and fairy tales They have should begin to learn to speak Blumenfeld argues forbeginning instruction at home suggesting that the alphabet He says I believe that any the other hand contends that children the age ofsix years and simply not reachable bymost children an alphabetic writing system accumulate becoming a more sophisticated reader vary and requires sensitivityon the part of parents and to become literate Each supports his understanding the rules behind thewords on the page have writes Through reading and literacyflows a human being's perception of createeffective engaged readers Chall suggests arenewly entered on a literacy revolution before Stages These three experts illustrate the broad Keep Your Child From Becoming One New Rochelle NY Arlington for Parents and Teachers Westport CT Praeger
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