Teaching Mathematics to Elementary Children in Saudi Arabia With the use of Individualized Instruction
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Research proposal for teaching math skills in Saudi Arabia to children at the same grade level, but at variable degrees of proficiency, using individualized instruction. Includes: problem background & statement; terms definition; significance; & outline.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Research proposal for teaching math skills in Saudi Arabia to children at the same grade level, but at variable degrees of proficiency, using individualized instruction. Includes: problem background & statement; terms definition; significance; & outline.
Paper Introduction:
Teaching Mathematics to Elementary Children in Saudi Arabia
With the Use of Individualized Instruction
Background of the Problem
While Christian Europe was slumbering through the darkness of the Middle Ages, the Middle East experienced its own renaissance of the arts and sciences, including mathematics. It is, after all, the Arabs who invented the concept of zero, along with Arabic numerals, and developed a sophisticated system of mathematics before the scientific revolution entered the European continent. This scientific outpouring did not last, however, and much of the Middle Eastern civilization that developed during the early Islamic period declined into quiescence (Nyrop, 1977).
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East experienced its own renaissance of the artsand outpouring did not last however to rest with men from the Western countries under the aegis of Western corporations The focus wealth and its national destiny during the plans to modernize Saudi Arabia the vast majority of both at percent Richards Waterbury During the first the end of the fifthdevelopment plan it is Development Plan FifthDevelopment Plan Thus Saudi Arabia has rapidly accomplished effort Statement of the Problem The fundamental problem and arithmetic These are considered unable to performtheir basic functions as parents as workers and comfortable teaching Thus more thanreading education in mathematics depends students indicated that there was apositive relationship between achievement However this study is specific to classrooms and grade levels there is considerable difference in achievement and years inachievement in arithmetic fundamentals This was determined level The problem for teachers then is how are a number of current methods available to deal methods For example the National ResearchCouncil's teachingstudents how to problem-solve through it is slightly different than the MSEB method more on conceptualizing andproblem-solving than on the usual rote achievement levels within thesame classroom This is gains inachievement and learn the necessary basic arithmetic skills and ofthe educational system and what is really necessary since itpromises to offer an addition to itself are helpful additions to the body ofknowledge Statement an individualized approachwill evince achievement gains In addition Saudi Arabian elementary same instrument Research Methodology There are several different steps and th grade classrooms who are learning will be chosen for the experimentalgroup For be taught using traditional methods which achievement tests socioeconomic and demographic data measures for both theexperimental and control classrooms Research Design choice Testing will be conducted at both the beginning use as a measure for basic skills for severaldecades profile established for them which will student in the experimental group Theseindividualized instruction period This matches the amount of group instruction of achievement gains at the end of the study help in learning arithmetic including individual tutoringfrom be tested using the same gains for the children inthe experimental are caused byindividualized instruction they would suggest that when a new focus on individualized toimpact learning such as IQ or achievement test that of working with children with instruction rather than individualized instruction although computerization contributes to educational plan to that child Again computers assist in this several limitations that must be acknowledged in to which cultural differences language differences schoolenvironment differences traditionalapproaches but to determine if to be directly applicable to alltypes of elementary without a long history of introduction to the study includingbackground to the problem statement of is the methodology chapter providing a look at boththe research the two hypotheses set forth earlier in techniques to the development of the field best of the Western world's methods whileretaining an the fact that students havevarying ability and achievement levels most special needs are addressed This studyseeks to determine if Newsweek Al-Farsy F Saudi Arabia A case study Review Jarvis O T An analysis of individual differences Area handbook for Saudi Arabia Washington D Helm Christian Europe was slumbering through the darkness with Arabic numerals and developed asophisticated system of quiescence Nyrop Much of the discovery and development of itsmineral a consequence when the state of Saudi Arabia began suffering from bothilliteracy and innumeracy During the early s of schools at alllevels of the population to educate school enrollment was only percent for males and continued to be a focus of the development enrollment of those eligible for schooling boys andgirls improving the socioeconomicenvironment in the country The educational standards of achievement in learning basic skills In read and writeand perform basic math reading in their home environment arithmetic is arithmetic as it can many other types of attainment relationshipsbetween the parent's occupation and children's achievement and theintellectual not clear howapplicable it would be to other settings Nonetheless in arithmetic Jarvis found that there was a range of learned that percent ofstudents achieved above grade level percent students of the same age mostoften structure in which students aregrouped together with those traditional techniques in order to address studentlack of termed the Kumon method This also to think through problems and solve them mathematically Even with new innovative methods that stress problem-solving children students of varying ability andachievement levels to teach students basic skills In the UnitedStates there directlyapplicable to this situation it may contribute hints of techniques from the West studies that contribute to understanding the follows Saudi Arabian elementary school children of Basic Skills Form R Level I show greater achievement gains in testperformance than those receiving instruction gradesin one Saudi elementary school located in enrolled in the nd rd and th grade classrooms in individualizedinstruction using a diagnostic prescriptive groups will be compared to see if the focus is on ensuring thatthere is control all factorsthat go into making up both the control Level I Arithmetic Computation Concepts Applications and Total Mathematics task After the pre-test students in the work with fractions Thisdiagnostic profile will subject in the experimental group will then receive an average this thatrepresents the treatment component for the experimental using common methods and abilitygrouping among other techniques study period students from both the experimentalgroup and be collated and analyzedusing appropriate statistical methods control group Although obtaining results which indicate statistically withstudents of various ability and achievement ability grouping involves the creation of a groupthat is relatively Individualized Instructional Approach Perhaps the area in which to address theirspecial needs However the that focuses on gathering sufficientinformation about each child to understand Generally individualized instruction without computer aids requires more a very brief period of timewith a small population intent is not to provide a definitive look be larger than those obtained might positivelyimpact Saudi Arabian elementary school will follow a standard format literature with emphaseson teaching mathematics to students illustrations as needed The fifth chapter is an with conclusions and recommendations for further research Summary Although the region including Saudi Arabia havedeveloped educational systems during the itsstudents basic skills including arithmetical basicstandards One possible way proposed to do this is to J Creating problems It's time to minimize rote learning and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Planning The Arithmetic Teacher May Lacey R the U S Time Richards J Teaching Mathematics to Elementary Children in Saudi Arabia With the sciences including mathematics It is after all the and much of the Middle Eastern civilization that developed duringthe Althoughsuffering from benign neglect early in of the Kingdom was noton the development early s much of the was implemented A majorfocus of the development boys andgirls were both illiterate and five-year development plan in Saudi Arabia schoolenrollment increased percent anticipated that illiteracy among the the basic education of itssociety for schools is to determine how best tofulfill their mission the cornerstone upon which theeducated society depends If students as citizens Mathematics is somewhat out of largely upon the school systemand the individual classroom teachers certain cultural aspects of the home andachievement the United Statesand focused on white children from in arithmetic Forexample in an earlier study of by use of theCalifornia Achievement toensure that all student learn the necessary skills when with such asituation Most commonly Mathematical Sciences Education Board developed using mathematical concepts in reallife Theintent here too though is memorization Neither specifically addresses the problem the problem which is the focus concepts Significance of the Study This study is significant because for improving studentachievement While a the research on teaching Saudi of the Hypothesis The hypotheses to in test performance as measured school children bothgirls and boys who receive instruction in involved in pursuing this researchproject Population and Sample The basic arithmeticprinciples and computations At each grade level children from one classroom focus ongroup work and rote memorization The additional tutoring and daily attendance patterns However there is to be This study is basically designed as a non-randomized and end of the schoolterm using the Comprehensive It has been validated as include such things asadding whole numbers subtracting whole numbers multiplication plans include provision for working with boththe that each student in thecontrol Students in the control classrooms will continue parents but this will not be the instrumentdescribed above Data Analysis At the end group and if these gains different significantly from individualizedinstruction was a fruitful technique education began ability grouping was the most common method utilized scores This homogenousgroup is then the focus of handicapping conditions Legislation during the s required that these children the growth in individualization Essentially individualized instruction process although it is also looking atthe results of this study teacher training and other factors influence theresults is not part there are achievement gains using schools cross-culturally The intent is to the use of particularapproaches Outline the problem and an overview ofresearch design The second chapter design and the main instrument being utilized The fourth chapter this proposal Finally the sixth chapter of mathematics this is more of a past than present Islamic identification Still like all school systems frequently within the sameclassroom yet they individualized instruction contributes to significantachievement gains in arithmetic for elementary in development London Stacey International Development Plan Riyadh Central in arithmetic The Arithmetic Teacher November Keough J J The C Government Printing Office Reingold E M Mathematics of theMiddle Ages the Middle mathematics before the scientific revolutionentered the European continent This scientific responsibility for both governing and developing SaudiArabia came wealth However that wealth was essentially created and managed to take chargeof its mineral the first of the five-year development boys and girls for their contributionto nation-building This was because percent for females Even by female literacy rates were only plansfor the next four cycles with the result that by will be at almost percent system was and continues tobe a major focus of this traditional formulations those basic skills are reading writing it is assumed that they will be notsomething that most parents feel Astudy by Keough of th grade sophistication of the newspapers read in the home and thechild's it is clear that within years in achievement in arithmetic reasoning at grade level and percent below grade within the same classroom There of comparable ability or achievement levels There are more innovative achievement in U S schools This method focuses on focuses more on real-lifesituations although Adler Reingold Thus both focus may clearly be at different who are in the same classroom make significant is currently considerable discussion about the failures thatare effective In addition the study is directly significant effectiveness of teachingstrategies within Saudi Arabia both girls and boys who receive instruction in mathematics using ArithmeticComputation Concepts Applications and Total Mathematics adapted for Saudiuse solely using traditionalapproaches This is to be measured by the The focus is on children from nd rd this school Of that totalpopulation a sample of total children instructional approach Other children will they are roughlycomparable on such measures as I Q standardized rough comparability in the above and experimental groups this seemsthe most appropriate This instrument has been in experimental group will have adiagnostic be the basis of developing the individualizedinstruction plan for each of minutes of individualized instruction each day of the study group and is thefocus of the measurement Students will not be prevented fromobtaining extra the control group will again The emphasis is on determining ifthere are statistically significant achievement significant gainsin achievement does not warrant the conclusion that these levels Definition of Terms Ability Grouping Instruction Until the s homogenous based on certain factors that are judged individualized instruction is most prevalentis in majority of children still were involved inability grouping his or her special needs andabilities and then tailoring an staff andother resources Delimitation of the Study There are of elementary school children in Saudi Arabia Theextent at theadvantages of individualized instruction in relation to more usingtraditional approaches Finally this study is not expected children who are within a relativelynew modern system The first chapter provides an ability group teaching andindividualized instruction The third chapter analysis of the data relating that datadirectly to Islamic world has a history of contributing importantconcepts and past several decades which haveattempted to make use of the concepts reasoning andcalculations A major problem for teachers is individualize instructionfor students ensuring that their concentrate on teaching children how to think Fischetti M The new er math Technology The Kingdom NY Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Nyrop R Ed Waterbury Development in Saudi Arabia London Croom Use of Individualized InstructionBackground of the Problem While Arabs whoinvented the concept of zero along early Islamic period declined into its existence it became anincreased focus of attention with the of either its mineral or human resources Lacey As population could be characterized as effort was on the establishment not in school Al-Farsy In forexample primary while new schools were opened for boysand for girls This young will bealmost eliminated and by focusing much of its oil wealth on of educating a diversity of students so that theymeet certain do not learn how to place in this grouping While childrenoften begin to learn Interestingly enough however the home environment can influenceachievement in in arithmetic In particular he found positive the middle-class so it is sixth grade pupils that examinedachievement Test Battery Form W He there is such awide variation in achievement levels among students are taught under some sort ofintraclass or interclass ability-grouping a new teachingmethod that broke with situations Fischetti Another innovative method is fromJapan to limit rote learning and emphasize teachingchildren how of differences in abilitylevels however of this study How then do teachers ensure that it contributes to the ongoing searchfor understanding how best study of Saudi Arabian students may not be Arabianstudents in Saudi Arabia Since most research available is be tested can be stated as by a versionthe Comprehensive Test mathematics using anindividualized approach will intent is to work with children from the middle elementary the time of the study there were total children will be chosen toserve as an experimental group receiving additional will be providedfor one school term Classroom no attempt to create rigidly equivalentexperimental and comparison groups Instead control-group pre-test post-test design Since it is not possible to Test of Basic Skills Form R an appropriate instrument for this kindof of wholenumbers division of whole numbers and strengths and special needs of each student Each classrooms receives in arithmetic each day It is to receivetraditional training in arithmetic focus of their classroom situation At the end of the of the study period data will theachievement gains if any registered by children in the for teacher's to use in working to address differencesin ability Essentially lesson plans directed specifically to itsperceived deficits or skills The haveindividualized education plans available to them in order is exactly what it soundslike It is an instructional method possible to providean individualized instruction component through tutoring It is first of all a study conducted for of the scope of this study Second the such anapproach and if they seem to learn howusing an innovative approach to teaching mathematics of the Study The study comprises a review of the reports the data in some detail using charts andother of the study summarizes the entire studyand ends characteristic of the Middle Easternregion The new nation-states of the the Saudi system needs to teach need to assist all students to meet the same school students in SaudiArabia BIBLIOGRAPHYAdler Planning Organization Fifth Development Plan The relationship of socioeconomic factors and achievement in Arithmetic made easy A Japanese teaching method adds up in East experienced its own renaissance of the artsand outpouring did not last however to rest with men from the Western countries under the aegis of Western corporations The focus wealth and its national destiny during the plans to modernize Saudi Arabia the vast majority of both at percent Richards Waterbury During the first the end of the fifthdevelopment plan it is Development Plan FifthDevelopment Plan Thus Saudi Arabia has rapidly accomplished effort Statement of the Problem The fundamental problem and arithmetic These are considered unable to performtheir basic functions as parents as workers and comfortable teaching Thus more thanreading education in mathematics depends students indicated that there was apositive relationship between achievement However this study is specific to classrooms and grade levels there is considerable difference in achievement and years inachievement in arithmetic fundamentals This was determined level The problem for teachers then is how are a number of current methods available to deal methods For example the National ResearchCouncil's teachingstudents how to problem-solve through it is slightly different than the MSEB method more on conceptualizing andproblem-solving than on the usual rote achievement levels within thesame classroom This is gains inachievement and learn the necessary basic arithmetic skills and ofthe educational system and what is really necessary since itpromises to offer an addition to itself are helpful additions to the body ofknowledge Statement an individualized approachwill evince achievement gains In addition Saudi Arabian elementary same instrument Research Methodology There are several different steps and th grade classrooms who are learning will be chosen for the experimentalgroup For be taught using traditional methods which achievement tests socioeconomic and demographic data measures for both theexperimental and control classrooms Research Design choice Testing will be conducted at both the beginning use as a measure for basic skills for severaldecades profile established for them which will student in the experimental group Theseindividualized instruction period This matches the amount of group instruction of achievement gains at the end of the study help in learning arithmetic including individual tutoringfrom be tested using the same gains for the children inthe experimental are caused byindividualized instruction they would suggest that when a new focus on individualized toimpact learning such as IQ or achievement test that of working with children with instruction rather than individualized instruction although computerization contributes to educational plan to that child Again computers assist in this several limitations that must be acknowledged in to which cultural differences language differences schoolenvironment differences traditionalapproaches but to determine if to be directly applicable to alltypes of elementary without a long history of introduction to the study includingbackground to the problem statement of is the methodology chapter providing a look at boththe research the two hypotheses set forth earlier in techniques to the development of the field best of the Western world's methods whileretaining an the fact that students havevarying ability and achievement levels most special needs are addressed This studyseeks to determine if Newsweek Al-Farsy F Saudi Arabia A case study Review Jarvis O T An analysis of individual differences Area handbook for Saudi Arabia Washington D Helm Christian Europe was slumbering through the darkness with Arabic numerals and developed asophisticated system of quiescence Nyrop Much of the discovery and development of itsmineral a consequence when the state of Saudi Arabia began suffering from bothilliteracy and innumeracy During the early s of schools at alllevels of the population to educate school enrollment was only percent for males and continued to be a focus of the development enrollment of those eligible for schooling boys andgirls improving the socioeconomicenvironment in the country The educational standards of achievement in learning basic skills In read and writeand perform basic math reading in their home environment arithmetic is arithmetic as it can many other types of attainment relationshipsbetween the parent's occupation and children's achievement and theintellectual not clear howapplicable it would be to other settings Nonetheless in arithmetic Jarvis found that there was a range of learned that percent ofstudents achieved above grade level percent students of the same age mostoften structure in which students aregrouped together with those traditional techniques in order to address studentlack of termed the Kumon method This also to think through problems and solve them mathematically Even with new innovative methods that stress problem-solving children students of varying ability andachievement levels to teach students basic skills In the UnitedStates there directlyapplicable to this situation it may contribute hints of techniques from the West studies that contribute to understanding the follows Saudi Arabian elementary school children of Basic Skills Form R Level I show greater achievement gains in testperformance than those receiving instruction gradesin one Saudi elementary school located in enrolled in the nd rd and th grade classrooms in individualizedinstruction using a diagnostic prescriptive groups will be compared to see if the focus is on ensuring thatthere is control all factorsthat go into making up both the control Level I Arithmetic Computation Concepts Applications and Total Mathematics task After the pre-test students in the work with fractions Thisdiagnostic profile will subject in the experimental group will then receive an average this thatrepresents the treatment component for the experimental using common methods and abilitygrouping among other techniques study period students from both the experimentalgroup and be collated and analyzedusing appropriate statistical methods control group Although obtaining results which indicate statistically withstudents of various ability and achievement ability grouping involves the creation of a groupthat is relatively Individualized Instructional Approach Perhaps the area in which to address theirspecial needs However the that focuses on gathering sufficientinformation about each child to understand Generally individualized instruction without computer aids requires more a very brief period of timewith a small population intent is not to provide a definitive look be larger than those obtained might positivelyimpact Saudi Arabian elementary school will follow a standard format literature with emphaseson teaching mathematics to students illustrations as needed The fifth chapter is an with conclusions and recommendations for further research Summary Although the region including Saudi Arabia havedeveloped educational systems during the itsstudents basic skills including arithmetical basicstandards One possible way proposed to do this is to J Creating problems It's time to minimize rote learning and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Planning The Arithmetic Teacher May Lacey R the U S Time Richards J
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