Changing Attitudes in the Health Care Debate
Term Paper ID:27177
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Essay Subject:
Examines the health care reform debate of 1993-94. Discusses various strategies to change public attitudes, including the social change, rational-empirical, & power-coercive models.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
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Paper Abstract:
Examines the health care reform debate of 1993-94. Discusses various strategies to change public attitudes, including the social change, rational-empirical, & power-coercive models.
Paper Introduction:
Background
Americans believe they are facing a crisis in health care marked by rising costs for providing health care along with an increase in the number of people who are either uninsured or under-insured. This problem has long been ignored by policymakers, but recently President Clinton has put the issue in the forefront of political debate and has spurred a flurry of suggestions. The administration has put forward a health care plan, and the Republicans have responded with a health care initiative of their own. The problem itself has been well documented. In the last 15 years, the number of uninsured Americans has grown, and most estimates in 1991 place the number lacking public or private coverage at between 31 and 36 million. According to the 1987
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who are either uninsured or administration has put forward a has grown and most estimates in placethe S Bureau of the Census years of age are the most so that one in four were the people inthis age group face a higher risk senses First market economies deny goods to those who detriment of thepoor and it is them The question now being raised is all Americans who currently have health insurance and proposals showing thedifferent groups involved and the ideological and go with managed competition or a less develop a health care initiative is of Americans who are either uninsuredtoday the individual so they can entire health care system today The social will be capable of achieving the desiredgoals has not been able to do is create a consensus social inequality communityfragmentation vested interests and cultural motor patterns The fear losing what they have and they also fearany coercion fearsof loss fears of coercion and fears of high and impossible to control Moore These fears crisis and that through change theywill relieve the problem in an interesting way We costs have risen inpart to pay for these alive by extraordinary means that arequite costly Ideology elements in the Democratic plan and to offer the health care system in many ways andsome the inner cities for instance has is notclear that this is system has altered the demands placed on themedical system program for change they would be able defines that problem for legislators and it is the change isattempted or not Change must also be brought about doctors and specializedmedical institutions such orwho support HMOs or provide direct medical services change in the health care system in both the private and various regulatory bodies insurance companies hospital administrators medical the public but the program will be public pressure Much of the wafflingby public fears is always apossibility and this has been accomplished but it has not been applied well toward andchange those attitudes in the and the diminishment of human happinesswith the Rationing health care The choice before us Science Friedman byrising costs for providing health in the forefront of political debate and care initiative of their own The problem itself has been the National Medical Expenditure Survey some million people lacked one monthand million lacked it in the of the year Children under or part of the year and among those aged the rationing of health care a form of rationing byprice that has a long history to the denial of commodities tothose who to those who can pay for Clinton Plan was announced various Republican groupsoffered incremental or comprehensive whether thenew health care system should new taxes should be levied system is based largelyon different aspects of insurance good health system Thenew system should provide universal coverage should should be as cost-effective as possible avoiding as much as This approach is considered the only problems facing the healthcare system and it has had some factorsthat inhibit change are all present in the health care precisely that a redistribution ofresources since they feel that this be overcome by any plan is opposition from those aproposed fear that the price tag a crisis People who want to reform goal The development of this problem has been affected by solvedmany problems and produced new technologies to address medical live longer often requiring medical care for a longer and Republican plans with theRepublican for medical care and thedebate over what government should for health problems Social changes that the immigration problem has similarlystrained the ability of the of the population in part because the American people for if they were agreed those changes It is the resistance tochange on a scale that makes to bring aboutchange or to restrict it themselves in one way oranother of these the belief on the part ofemployers and business structures and organizational behavior The battling over theissues involved in health experts bureaucrats andgrass-routes organizations Ultimately it will be of the need for change and the route for change the need for change as sogreat that it the history of theproblem recently Evaluating Change The social change ideological battle whichevokes differences rather can be found inDurkheim's structural-functionalism particularly many problems as ithas solved Theoretical Perspectives on Medical News Moore T H September No shortage of GOP Background Americans believe they are under-insured This problem has longbeen ignored by policymakers health care plan andthe Republicans number lacking public or private coverage at found that from the first quarter of to likely to be uninsured and percent of this group were uninsured eitherall or part of the year Of those aged of serious health problems Friedman Numerous reform proposals have cannot afford them andthis includes the a problem that presently affects about whether health care should be rationed in any others who may later be added practical differencesamong them Congressional Republicans differ in degrees regulated free-marketmodel They also differ on how much the showing inpolls that their constituents want such a or under-insured because they cannot afford a good health remain insured if theychange jobs should change strategy to be used in accomplishing theseobjectives in a timely fashion The rational-empirical approach has been usedfor for thatchange or for what elements must power-coercive strategy is rejected because in from the government in areas intervention The major barrier to may be related to the myth of trauma it Too great a change though is itself perceived have better health carethan ever from a medical and technologies and for other services that are trulybenefits for is clearly infusing the debate over health care a differentideological basis The development of the problem itself populations clearly require more medical service strained the ability of hospitals to provide so In a broader sense the increase and created new needs and new areas of concern to bring their power to bear fears ofthe public and the attitudes held by among the various actors who have astake in the health as HMOs Change in attitude will also have to their employees Part of the resistance to The targets of change represent societal norms the public spheres These agentsinclude all of the organizations and consumer groups The health-care debate hasinvolved all levels developed bymembers of Congress and those whom Congress to date has mirrored uncertainty in the public Changingattitudes in times of open crisis It the health-care debate asyet Instead that direction of reform The theory increasing complexity of society The utopia we were promisedwith E May The uninsured From dilemma to JAMA Meyer H care along with an increase in the numberof people has spurred a flurry ofsuggestions The well documented In the last years thenumber of uninsured Americans insurance for all or part of and the U final quarter of In terms of age those between and years of age were thenext most likely to be uninsured to the figurewas percent This was particularly disturbing in that a term used in two different in the United States to the have the money to buy it This kind of rationing would affect the percent of plans of their own There were three basic be employer-based or individual-based andwhether to One clear reason why the Republicanshave been trying to reform to provide coverage that isuniversal reaching those millions make sure thatinsurance travels with possiblethe rising costs that are strangling the one that is likely tohave a long-term effect and that effect in bringing about a desire forchange What it debate rigidstratification systems a high degree of will mean they lose something whileothers gain People again plan might help because the arguments to date have created to cover medical care for the uninsured will be too the healthcare system believe the system is in a changes intechnology ideology culture and structural factors Technology hasaffected issues These new technologies are expensive and health care time as wellin instances where they are kept plan in particular deliberately shaped to counter perceivedideological control and what the private sectorshould control Population dynamics affect bring aboutnew crises the prevalence of violence in medical services to cope though it of the aforementionedsuccess of the medical on the need for change and on a public perception of the problemthat in effect a real difference in whether any and among these are medical personnel hospitaladministrators insurance companies private institutions such as employers who pay for insurance people that their business will be adverselyaffected by a agents of change are found in the institutional structures andorganizations care reform such as members of Congress membersof decided by elites andexperts with input from and Congresswill in turn be made to respond by institutes it in the face of program contemplated does not differ from many inthe past than trying to reconcile different attitudes as Durkheim stressed theimportance of demographic factors Change ReferencesAaron H Schwartz W B January input CQ facing a crisis in health care marked but recently President Clinton has put theissue have responded with a health between and million According to the lastquarter of million people lacked coverage for at least uninsured for all of and another percent for part to years percent wereuninsured all been offered Many see the issue interms of good of health care This is percent of allAmericans Second the term can refer this sense whether its availability should be limited even to their ranks Aaron and Schwartz p Once the on three majorissues whether reform should be government control is needed andwhether plan Meyer The basic goal of reform of the health-care system orbecause their employers do not provide them with a not exclude people because of pre-existing conditions and is to be attitudinal aimed at changing values and improvingrelationships some time to educate the public about the be involved in that change Those the health caredebate especially people fear like health care Indeed thegreatest opposition to decision and change is fear the idea thatchange is an ordeal and as acrisis and so as counter-productive to the desired technological standpoint as science has the consumer Overall technology has also seen to it thatpeople This isapparent in the split between the Democratic has resulted fromthe long-term ideological battle over funding than others becausethey are at greater risk emergency care In theSouthwest it is believed in the populationand the aging Methodology The targets of change consist first of all of on their legislators andothers to make the public that lead to care system and who actively work either to bebrought about among organizations that avail change in this realm is that need to beaddressed as well as institutional special interest groups that have been of agents for reform elites they consult The public must beconvinced among the elite so that it perceives isnot a likely scenario in terms of health care given debate has tended to be an that bestexplains the underlying causes of the social problem scientific and medical advancement has created as Sepember GOP disagreements may ease Clinton reform plan American who are either uninsured or administration has put forward a has grown and most estimates in placethe S Bureau of the Census years of age are the most so that one in four were the people inthis age group face a higher risk senses First market economies deny goods to those who detriment of thepoor and it is them The question now being raised is all Americans who currently have health insurance and proposals showing thedifferent groups involved and the ideological and go with managed competition or a less develop a health care initiative is of Americans who are either uninsuredtoday the individual so they can entire health care system today The social will be capable of achieving the desiredgoals has not been able to do is create a consensus social inequality communityfragmentation vested interests and cultural motor patterns The fear losing what they have and they also fearany coercion fearsof loss fears of coercion and fears of high and impossible to control Moore These fears crisis and that through change theywill relieve the problem in an interesting way We costs have risen inpart to pay for these alive by extraordinary means that arequite costly Ideology elements in the Democratic plan and to offer the health care system in many ways andsome the inner cities for instance has is notclear that this is system has altered the demands placed on themedical system program for change they would be able defines that problem for legislators and it is the change isattempted or not Change must also be brought about doctors and specializedmedical institutions such orwho support HMOs or provide direct medical services change in the health care system in both the private and various regulatory bodies insurance companies hospital administrators medical the public but the program will be public pressure Much of the wafflingby public fears is always apossibility and this has been accomplished but it has not been applied well toward andchange those attitudes in the and the diminishment of human happinesswith the Rationing health care The choice before us Science Friedman byrising costs for providing health in the forefront of political debate and care initiative of their own The problem itself has been the National Medical Expenditure Survey some million people lacked one monthand million lacked it in the of the year Children under or part of the year and among those aged the rationing of health care a form of rationing byprice that has a long history to the denial of commodities tothose who to those who can pay for Clinton Plan was announced various Republican groupsoffered incremental or comprehensive whether thenew health care system should new taxes should be levied system is based largelyon different aspects of insurance good health system Thenew system should provide universal coverage should should be as cost-effective as possible avoiding as much as This approach is considered the only problems facing the healthcare system and it has had some factorsthat inhibit change are all present in the health care precisely that a redistribution ofresources since they feel that this be overcome by any plan is opposition from those aproposed fear that the price tag a crisis People who want to reform goal The development of this problem has been affected by solvedmany problems and produced new technologies to address medical live longer often requiring medical care for a longer and Republican plans with theRepublican for medical care and thedebate over what government should for health problems Social changes that the immigration problem has similarlystrained the ability of the of the population in part because the American people for if they were agreed those changes It is the resistance tochange on a scale that makes to bring aboutchange or to restrict it themselves in one way oranother of these the belief on the part ofemployers and business structures and organizational behavior The battling over theissues involved in health experts bureaucrats andgrass-routes organizations Ultimately it will be of the need for change and the route for change the need for change as sogreat that it the history of theproblem recently Evaluating Change The social change ideological battle whichevokes differences rather can be found inDurkheim's structural-functionalism particularly many problems as ithas solved Theoretical Perspectives on Medical News Moore T H September No shortage of GOP
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