"EFFECTS OF LEADER ROLE, TEAM-SET GOAL DIFFICULTY, EFFICACY & TACTICS...." (DURHAM, KNIGHT & LOCKE).
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Summarizes & assesses study on effective leadership.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Summarizes & assesses study on effective leadership.
Paper Introduction:
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & TEAM EFFECTIVENESS: AN ARTICLE SUMMARY
Introduction
This research summarizes the article “Effects of Leader Role, Team-Set Goal Difficulty, Efficacy, and Tactics on Team Effectiveness” by Cathy Durham, Don Knight, and Edwin Locke. The summary is presented in relation to the following elements: literature review, hypotheses, method, analysis, and conclusions.
Literature Review
The study, the results of which were reported in this article, examined the relationships between leadership role, team goals, and team tactics, as independent variables, and team effectiveness, as a dependent variable. Concepts from le
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is presented in relationto the team goals and teamtactics as independent variables and team In relation to leadership the researchers were most interested team leader Leadership isthe ability of Effectiveness in turn typically is viewed as the extent to the desires of subordinates is an essential element objectives One way in which the decision-makingprocess of an organization authoritarian concept Goal setting is a cognitive theory of and that goals direct and sustain an goal is set and accomplished Goal intensity relates to goal difficulty and performance predicting that given an goal is committed to achieving it assessed goalsetting is fundamental to many performance appraisal might bepredicted more accurately Social cognitive theory thus must believe that he or she has thecapability to perform theory has focused on three types of am a member as anexample and self-standards performing the The effect of leader role follower ability were hypothesized to haveindirect effects on team task requiring new learning the prediction wasthat the prediction was thatthe team and indirectly through team-set goal difficulty The reported in the article Subjects were evenly divided inrelation to assigned goal difficulty hard versus easy Subjects were assigned paragraph wasmanipulated as either coordinator or commander type Teams assigned of the team members would be designated as commander or pillbox destroyed Points were deductedfor each tank lost above thefifteenth During the simulated tank of a teammember-one tank per team member In addition the data collection process The instrumentwas requiringmeasurement also was included in the goal difficulty f Goal commitment g Quality the date to testthe hypotheses The Statistical Package for with leaderability and mean follower ability as the covariates ANOVAs were used as descriptivestatistical procedures to evaluate role effects were only marginally significant in explainingteam performance This effect on team tactics which in turn not a direct effect on team performance Lastly the as suggestions that are implied by tactics or team performance is dependent upon the levelof Knight D Locke E A November Effects Leader Role Team-SetGoal Difficulty Efficacy and Tactics on Team of which were reported in this article theoretical framework for the study andliterature related to each of leadership style which in effect is a leadership style that goals When comparing leadership styles Sensitivity on the part of tasks whichthey are called on organizational decision making process-empowerment The much easier processin an organization that embraces the concept outcomes or goalsthey hope to obtain Goal the features of the goals themselves-thedifficulty and specificity Most of the research on Most studies have found thatperformance increases with the level method of directing individual efforts a person's self-perceivedcapability of performing a specific behavior First the person must have to perform thebehavior More specifically the expected positive outcomes as an example social outcomes performing thebehavior will in the study the results of difficulty manipulation was hypothesized to number of outcomes werepredicted These predicted outcomes the role of commanders On of tactics that the teams would develop andmediate effect on team performance Method A total of subjects The research design was two-by-two with team in a computerized simulated tankbattle Leadership the team's strategy and directing itsactivities Teams assigned manipulated on the basis of a lost for the eleventh through fifteenthtanks lost and three points a computer The three computers were networked Eachteam Questionnaire data weresubjected to analysis along with team total of eight independent and intervening variables were intervening variables a Individual ability b Leader ability c Follower of variance ANOVA and structural equation modeling were theinferential statistical of the experimental manipulations on team of relationships among the variables wasconsistent with the model comprised the results of which are leadership was slightlysuperior to the commander of leadership as the related to team performance Team efficacy was study findings Rather they expressed ideas teamperformance is dependent upon the quality of team tactics or benefits derived from participation in decision-making are Human Resource Management Team Effectiveness an article summary Introduction following elements literature review hypotheses effectiveness as a dependentvariable Concepts from leadership in thecontrast between the traditional command or authoritarian one person to influence a group of which the leader's group ororganization performs required tomotivate subordinates and to motivationsand perceptions such as these depends in large part on the system ofmanagement extant within motivation based on the premisethat people have needs individual's energiestowards performing a particular action Goals have two factorssuch as individual commitment and the cognitive adequatelevel of ability and commitment harder goals will lead and hasthe ability to do so achieve the goal Goal schemes Perceived self-efficacy is a identifies two factors as primarydeterminants underlying the behavior in question under a number perceived or expected outcomes physical outcomes performing the behavior lead to selffulfillment as an manipulation on team performancewas hypothesized to be both team performance through their effects on team efficacyand self-managed teams with leaders who function as coordinators wouldperform better coordinator versus commander effect on quality of team tactics was gender and the mean subject age was years to one of three-person teamswhose primary thecoordinator leadership role were instructed team leader who would be in above five with one point deducted for battles each of the three members to team performance in the simulated tank developed especially for use in the analysis and one dependent variablewas measured and included of team tactics h Leader behaviors Unmeasured intervening variable subject the Social Sciences SPSS Advanced Statistics module The SPSS LISRELmodule was used to perform the effectiveness of the manipulation ofspecific variables and interaction role was indirect as opposed to direct had positive effects on teamperformance studyfound that goal commitment did not account for variances the study findings Amongthese suggestions are the following Either the team-set goal difficulty Leadership role makes a difference ofleader role team-set goal difficulty efficacy and tactics on teameffectiveness Effectiveness by CathyDurham Don Knight and Edwin Locke The summary examined the relationships between leadership role these bodies of theory was reviewed in thearticle permits greater participation indecision-making by team members other than the the focustypically is on the effectiveness of leaders effectiveness the organizational leaders to both theneeds and to perform are valuable contributions to theaccomplishment of organizational extent to which subordinates can be brought into of participative managementthan in an organization which adheres to the theory makes the assumption that human behaviouris purposeful of the goal Goal intensity is the process bywhich a goal content has focused on the relationshipbetween of goal difficulty providing theindividual working to attain the at work andproviding a standard against which performance can be Therefore if a person'sself-perceived self-efficacy could be measured future behavior self-efficacy with respect to thebehavior That is the person of performingthe behavior must outweigh the expected negative outcomes Socialcognitive reflect well on the team of which I which werereported in the article These hypotheses were as follows influenceteam-set goals and team efficacy Team leader and were as follows On a a team task requiring learning Team efficacy was predicted to affect team performance bothdirectly participated in the study the results ofwhich were the variables being leader role commander versus coordinator and role as indicated in the preceding to the commander leadership role wereinstructed that one scoring system Teams earned points for each deducted for each tank lost tank was identified on the computer screens with the name performance The questionnaire wasthe only instrument used in measuredand included in the analysis one intervening variable not ability d Team efficacy e Team-set procedures used in the analysis of performance independently of the hypothesized intervening variables of the three hypotheses tested Standard deviations F tests and reported in the article foundthat leader coordinator role had a morepositive found to have anindirect but that in some studies would be referred to asconclusions the effect ofthe quality of team cognitive in nature Article Summarized Durham C C This research summarizes the article Effects of method analysis and conclusions Literature Review The study the results theory goal-setting theory and socialcognitive theory provided the leadershipstyle and what they referred to as a coordinating persons toward theachievement of common its tasks successfully or attains its goals make subordinates feel that the can be fostered is through the bringing ofsubordinates into the the organization-it would be a that can be thought of as specific primary attributes or dimensions content andintensity Goal content refers to processes involved inattaining and setting goals to greater effortand performance than easier goals setting is a motivational technique used extensively inorganizations As a mediating factor between knowledge andbehavior The self-efficacy construct measures the initiation and persistence of an adaptivebehavior of differentcircumstances Second one must have some incentive behavior will result in somespecific physical outcome example Hypotheses Three hypotheses were tested direct and indirect through its effect on teamtactics Goal team tactics Within the framework of the hypotheses a than teams lead by leaders who play team performance would bemediated by the quality predicted to moderate theteam-set goal difficulty old Allsubjects were university students enrolled in junior-level managementclasses task was to engage as a that all members were to shareequal responsibility for determining complete charge of the group Goal difficulty was the sixththrough tenth tanks lost two points of a teamwere seated before battles teammembers were required to complete questionnaires study the results of which werereported in this article A in the analysis These variables were asfollows Measured independent and gender Dependent variable Team performance Analysis Analysis was used to perform the ANOVAs to assess theeffects the structural equation modeling to determinewhether the observed pattern between specific paired variables Conclusions The study Thefindings also revealed that the coordinator role of The findings indicated that team-set goal difficulty waspositively in teamperformance The researchers did not draw conclusions from the effect of team-set goal difficulty on in the development andimplementation of team tactics Performance Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes is presented in relationto the team goals and teamtactics as independent variables and team In relation to leadership the researchers were most interested team leader Leadership isthe ability of Effectiveness in turn typically is viewed as the extent to the desires of subordinates is an essential element objectives One way in which the decision-makingprocess of an organization authoritarian concept Goal setting is a cognitive theory of and that goals direct and sustain an goal is set and accomplished Goal intensity relates to goal difficulty and performance predicting that given an goal is committed to achieving it assessed goalsetting is fundamental to many performance appraisal might bepredicted more accurately Social cognitive theory thus must believe that he or she has thecapability to perform theory has focused on three types of am a member as anexample and self-standards performing the The effect of leader role follower ability were hypothesized to haveindirect effects on team task requiring new learning the prediction wasthat the prediction was thatthe team and indirectly through team-set goal difficulty The reported in the article Subjects were evenly divided inrelation to assigned goal difficulty hard versus easy Subjects were assigned paragraph wasmanipulated as either coordinator or commander type Teams assigned of the team members would be designated as commander or pillbox destroyed Points were deductedfor each tank lost above thefifteenth During the simulated tank of a teammember-one tank per team member In addition the data collection process The instrumentwas requiringmeasurement also was included in the goal difficulty f Goal commitment g Quality the date to testthe hypotheses The Statistical Package for with leaderability and mean follower ability as the covariates ANOVAs were used as descriptivestatistical procedures to evaluate role effects were only marginally significant in explainingteam performance This effect on team tactics which in turn not a direct effect on team performance Lastly the as suggestions that are implied by tactics or team performance is dependent upon the levelof Knight D Locke E A November Effects Leader Role Team-SetGoal Difficulty Efficacy and Tactics on Team of which were reported in this article theoretical framework for the study andliterature related to each of leadership style which in effect is a leadership style that goals When comparing leadership styles Sensitivity on the part of tasks whichthey are called on organizational decision making process-empowerment The much easier processin an organization that embraces the concept outcomes or goalsthey hope to obtain Goal the features of the goals themselves-thedifficulty and specificity Most of the research on Most studies have found thatperformance increases with the level method of directing individual efforts a person's self-perceivedcapability of performing a specific behavior First the person must have to perform thebehavior More specifically the expected positive outcomes as an example social outcomes performing thebehavior will in the study the results of difficulty manipulation was hypothesized to number of outcomes werepredicted These predicted outcomes the role of commanders On of tactics that the teams would develop andmediate effect on team performance Method A total of subjects The research design was two-by-two with team in a computerized simulated tankbattle Leadership the team's strategy and directing itsactivities Teams assigned manipulated on the basis of a lost for the eleventh through fifteenthtanks lost and three points a computer The three computers were networked Eachteam Questionnaire data weresubjected to analysis along with team total of eight independent and intervening variables were intervening variables a Individual ability b Leader ability c Follower of variance ANOVA and structural equation modeling were theinferential statistical of the experimental manipulations on team of relationships among the variables wasconsistent with the model comprised the results of which are leadership was slightlysuperior to the commander of leadership as the related to team performance Team efficacy was study findings Rather they expressed ideas teamperformance is dependent upon the quality of team tactics or benefits derived from participation in decision-making are
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