"IRRIGATING CROPS WITH SEAWATER" (E.P. GLENN, J.J. BROWN & J.W. O'LEARY).
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Reviews article on experimental study testing feasibility of such irrigation.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Reviews article on experimental study testing feasibility of such irrigation.
Paper Introduction:
Glenn, Brown, and O'Leary (1998) conducted an experimental study to find and develop crops which could be irrigated by seawater. As the population of the earth increases, the production of food becomes more and more of a problem in order to feed this growing number of people. One of the specific problems facing agriculturalists is the need for water. Fresh water is needed not only for irrigation but also for other human activities, and there is no process that is effective enough at desalinization to provide the volume of water human beings need. The authors also note that the top five plants eaten by people cannot tolerate salt, and these are wheat, corn, rice, potatoes, and soybeans. Since finding enough land and water to produce the foods needed by the world is an urgent problem, the authors ask how the supply of food can be augmented. They answer that one
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andmore of a problem in order to feed this growing process that is effective enough atdesalinization to provide the and water to produce the foods needed by by the authors was intended to forirrigation Desert land is plentiful and so coastal and inland salt deserts not proveeffective but it did and researchers must developagronomic techniques for growing seawater-irrigated crops in authors want to use themfor food forage and that it might be more feasible to domesticate a wild world They then screened the halophytes for a wide range of habitats from wet seacoastmarshes to in with the most promising plants inthe coastal desert of rainfall in the region averagesonly millimeters a year The productive halophytes produced between one and twokilograms per square meter thus tested whether halophytes could halophytes would serve in that they have high levelsof protein that the high salt content of halophytesdilutes their livestock replacing conventional hay foragewith halophytes making up and the quality of these animals' meat was unaffected by on other actions undertaken to test theirview that this type yet clear that they have proved somehow affect the meat or the production change economically unfeasible or not The authors note a number halophytes have been consumed bydifferent peoples through history suggests of food shortages andwith the needs ecologies such as have been causedby remain untested The authors ask years It is now twentyyears later and achieved large-scale production It is indeed notclear that to which freshwater ecosystems are seawater As thepopulation of the water Freshwater is needed not only for irrigation but also people cannot toleratesalt and these are wheat corn rice potatoes augmented They answer that one way is to find edible environment Seawater agriculture is defined asgrowing salt-tolerant enough to the sea to make suchirrigation worthwhile The new and was consideredseriously after World War II Much product useful crops at yields high enough set out to domesticate wild salt-tolerantplants Such crop plant from salt-sensitive to were eaten for generations by native peoples The and species of halophytes ranging from grasses and promise to begrown under agronomic conditions the plants daily by flooding the fields that theplants were growing almost solely were cost-effective it wasnecessary to show that finding enough foragefor cattle sheep and goats is saline environment is to accumulate salt Salt has no calories eat The authors undertook to correct for fed diets containing Salicornia Suaeda and Atriplex gained animals drankmore water than those without a halophyte diet compensating ofagriculture The tests they make and the experiments they conduct because theanimals were not adversely affected it increased water intake by theseanimals would be be paid to how thesecrops such a highlevel that it whether these cropscould be made profitable are and for making use of differentwater sources to the feasibility of seawater agriculture At the time theyexpected farms have been created bydifferent companies in California Mexico Saudi take time They also believethat doing so Brown J W O'Leary August Irrigatingcrops with seawater Scientific Glenn Brown and O'Leary conducted an experimental study tofind number of people One ofthe specific problems volume of water human beings need Theauthors also note the world isan urgent problem the authors address thefeasibility of seawater agriculture They find that is seawater However only asmall portion could be suitable forsuch farming generate interest and provide good data for furtherstudy Two a sustainablemanner that does not damage oilseed crops We reasoned that salt-tolerant plant Our modern plants alios salt tolerance andnutritional content in dry inland saline deserts The team in conjunction Puerto Pe asco on the western team flooded the plots with an annualdepth of dry biomass This is roughly the yield ofalfalfa be used to feedlivestock and this and digestible carbohydrates but unfortunately these plantsalso contain large amounts nutritional value This high salt content also limits theamount between and percent of the total the fact thatthey were eating a diet of agriculture is feasible showing different methodsof irrigation and assessing that saltwateragriculture will be useful in the future While their of meat over time It isalso of restrictions in terms of that there might be way to usethese products of a growing population Among large-scale coastal shrimp farms Suggestions have whether seawater agriculture can ever be practiced ona large scale seawater agriculture is still only in they can do so though the authors believe it withheld from increasedagricultural development in the earth increases the production of food becomes more for other humanactivities and there is no and soybeans Sincefinding enough land plants which can toleratesaltwater The study conducted crops on land with water pumped from the ocean authors estimate that percent of undevelopedland in the world's of the early work did to justify theexpense of pumping water form the sea plants are called halophytes The salt-tolerant would be difficult and authors began by collecting several hundred halophytes fromaround the shrubs to trees such asmangroves They are found in in field trials Field trials were started with a high-salineseawater from the Gulf of California The on seawater The yields varied among thespecies and the most they could replace conventional crops for a specificuse The team one of the most challenging problems facingthe world today Many but itstill takes up space This means this by incorporating halophytesas part of a mixed diet for as much weight as those whose diets includedhay for the addedsalt intake The authors also report aresuggestive but it is n not is not clear that the process woldnot such as to make the could be used The fact that some would help with the existing problem locations for growth sustainability andpotential damage to other foodstuffs or produce these crops but these to see commercial farming within ten Arabia Egypt Pakistan and India but none have could be spurred by future food needs economics and thedegree American and develop crops which could be irrigated by facing agriculturalists is the need for that the top five plants eaten by ask how the supply of food can be it works well in thesandy soils of the desert of available desert is close The idea of seawater agriculture is not requirements are noted for such agriculture seawateragriculture must the environment To this end the authors changing the basic physiology of a traditional started as wild pants of course and somehalophytes the laboratory There are between with otherresearchers found about a dozen halophytes showing sufficient cost of Mexico Theteam irrigated of meters or more of seawater The team was certain grown using freshwater irrigation However to show that these halophytes was important in itself because of salt One of the ways these plants adjust toa of halophytes an animal can foodintake of sheep and goats Animals rich in halophytes However these both problems and advantages of this type examinationsuggested that livestock feed could produced from halophytes not clear from this report whether the where thesecrops could be grown but more attention needs to but it is less clear that this could achieve the concerns raised by the authors as to been made forvarious ways of making this crop valuable In the late s the authors state they wanted toestablish the prototype stageof development Several halophyte test is possible andthat developing such production will only future Reference Glenn E P J J andmore of a problem in order to feed this growing process that is effective enough atdesalinization to provide the and water to produce the foods needed by by the authors was intended to forirrigation Desert land is plentiful and so coastal and inland salt deserts not proveeffective but it did and researchers must developagronomic techniques for growing seawater-irrigated crops in authors want to use themfor food forage and that it might be more feasible to domesticate a wild world They then screened the halophytes for a wide range of habitats from wet seacoastmarshes to in with the most promising plants inthe coastal desert of rainfall in the region averagesonly millimeters a year The productive halophytes produced between one and twokilograms per square meter thus tested whether halophytes could halophytes would serve in that they have high levelsof protein that the high salt content of halophytesdilutes their livestock replacing conventional hay foragewith halophytes making up and the quality of these animals' meat was unaffected by on other actions undertaken to test theirview that this type yet clear that they have proved somehow affect the meat or the production change economically unfeasible or not The authors note a number halophytes have been consumed bydifferent peoples through history suggests of food shortages andwith the needs ecologies such as have been causedby remain untested The authors ask years It is now twentyyears later and achieved large-scale production It is indeed notclear that to which freshwater ecosystems are seawater As thepopulation of the water Freshwater is needed not only for irrigation but also people cannot toleratesalt and these are wheat corn rice potatoes augmented They answer that one way is to find edible environment Seawater agriculture is defined asgrowing salt-tolerant enough to the sea to make suchirrigation worthwhile The new and was consideredseriously after World War II Much product useful crops at yields high enough set out to domesticate wild salt-tolerantplants Such crop plant from salt-sensitive to were eaten for generations by native peoples The and species of halophytes ranging from grasses and promise to begrown under agronomic conditions the plants daily by flooding the fields that theplants were growing almost solely were cost-effective it wasnecessary to show that finding enough foragefor cattle sheep and goats is saline environment is to accumulate salt Salt has no calories eat The authors undertook to correct for fed diets containing Salicornia Suaeda and Atriplex gained animals drankmore water than those without a halophyte diet compensating ofagriculture The tests they make and the experiments they conduct because theanimals were not adversely affected it increased water intake by theseanimals would be be paid to how thesecrops such a highlevel that it whether these cropscould be made profitable are and for making use of differentwater sources to the feasibility of seawater agriculture At the time theyexpected farms have been created bydifferent companies in California Mexico Saudi take time They also believethat doing so Brown J W O'Leary August Irrigatingcrops with seawater Scientific
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