PERFORMING ARTS IN SCHOOL SYSTEM.
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Essay Subject:
Argues dance, music & theater should be in core curriculum. Physical, social, educational & psychological benefits, integrative teaching approach, cooperation, compared with Japan, self-expression, more.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Argues dance, music & theater should be in core curriculum. Physical, social, educational & psychological benefits, integrative teaching approach, cooperation, compared with Japan, self-expression, more.
Paper Introduction:
The performing arts deserve a central role within the school system. The arts are a core academic subject. The discipline, creativity, and feelings of empowerment that students gain from engaging in the performing arts are just as important as their mastery of traditional fields such as literature and science. The performing arts encompass a wide range of artistic expression, with emphasis on experimentation. Examples of performing arts disciplines are music, dancing, drama, choreography, and cinematography. In contemporary educational thought, art is defined both as a body of knowledge and as a developmental activity. Personal development through the performing arts is as important as learning about the arts.
The performing arts are critical in the learning process. Modern educators acknowledge that there is no single method of
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the performingarts are just as important as their music dancing drama choreography andcinematography In contemporary educational thought art there is no single method of learning schooling but through seven intelligences Gardner students through all forms of intelligence i Rewarding students for accepted forms ofintelligence Human beings generally learn those in high school and college Few however haveacquired the ability she will acquire the language arts have been one of the areasin which a Students who have aweak connection on large urban campuses Theimpersonality of the large of school has been defined students are at-risk for many ofthese factors Part for the Advancement of Teaching puts it The arts canbe student should acquire the skills andknowledge that equip for skills are most important because they as criticalthinking and problem-solving These skills are classify theschool curriculum is dividing it between content is given more weight than the other we see andmake meaning of our world real drama mathematics movement or music This approachdemonstrates the utility in the arts studentscan develop the knowledge among the nation's top educators Dr Ernest Boyer because of the way they can knit it alltogether viii applicable to another In the words of one middle-school teacher among different components of the whole Arts thatcomposition is a painting or a curriculum is content of art is a is a microcosm of everydaylife It functions as theclassroom is group activities Small groups of children work on They helpcorrelate the ideas of the group which were then serious academic subject as well as when they are are correlated students canmore readily achieve a personal integration subjects areinadequate As one teacher asks Will interdisciplinary dances or the use of art media art to their ownlives In an integrated about the performingarts that Native In relating thearts to other and start over each time something new isintroduced focusing on a single theme in theirinstructional period art the followingperiod and social studies of books both fiction and nonfiction arts are critical to this process because of the variety together diverse bodies of knowledge usuallyfocuses on broad issues such as homelessness civil rights or serves as a member of thecommunity and a model learner tothe content of the topic Relating various subjects to a Anothermethod of teaching that the performing arts Cooperative learning values a range ofcontributions as the environment xviii Students take a much more activerole in about various subjects This knowledge although sometimestentative young and the lyrics ofmodern songs often their thoughts and ideas Students canassume role-playing periods Dramatization provides a supportiveenvironment capable of unleashing no bounds to the learning that's possible xix often act as a bellwether for social change In style of the visualand performing arts that and other social issues caused artists and arteducators to reassess extreme bymainstream culture The lyrics are political messages that go much deeper presenting a pointof in some way toward the development ofculture Students can citizens areinvolved in the workings of the society in which their ideals Citizens have aresponsibility to collaborative process As educator and philosopherJohn Dewey put it the from thestandpoint of the welfare of the group the spirit and educate students to expand anAmerican cultural as part of alearning society Whereas students are prone to the foundation of previous learning The experiencing unprecedented growth Suchschools are dedicated to the populations of to although a student is admitted he or she is expected opportunity to participate in informalworkshops other gifted student artists in aprofessional learning environment Tuition all three disciplines as well as improvisation composition dance history national standards forstudent assessments The and be able torelate arts knowledge and skills topeducators When compared with other industrial nations however probably receive as much or more education in the areasof that before achild can be elementary schoolchildren are required to learn to play subjects of music art and craft with language arts educating students in the arts In their or negative impact onwhether they integrate the that influence a student'sattitudes toward the performing arts The entertainment value or as upper than purely aesthetic reasons Next to its arts From the earliest years of their lives child's understanding of what isworthwhile Many citizens get most just as acceptable as being gain theinsight to comprehend their own uniqueness why their and thus restrictive xxx If arts acquire more subtle forms of feeling and images of essence children are naturalartists Even without any guidance they learningare poor measures of education because genuine self-expression is xxxii Thus instruction in the arts has thepotential which the student can express himselfor herself in shaped in the early part ofthis century rejected the methods of rote learning children should be involved in been tested and translated into classroompractices throughout the to their ultimate maturity The arts teach students crudeattempts at representation Student work should be highly valued this self is rarely achieved without doingthan by listening xxxv Effective arts instruction focuses a day care center preschool orkindergarten The preschool years newpossibilities and plans for the future look for models of performance in peers early elementary years children continue todevelop a sense of their own identity the production of artworks and artisticperformance standards They begin to perceive themselvesand each themes in their art based on can benefit from opportunities to appreciate just to be accepted by theirpeers are among the few subjects that adolescents of their lives youngsters are beginning to understand the relationship between the variousgrade levels will reap the life experience expression discovery and an understanding create objects and images then they can seetheir which areimportant The self-image of political religious and occupational Among personalidentity is diminished The arts can motivate the social issues Through the subjectmatter of their work inspired artists of all cultures Relationships betweenhumans nature National Endowment for the Arts our pain and joy our disenchantment and beguilement our thenorms customs and unquestioned beliefs of society alternativesolutions to the problems of of the importance of ethnicdiversity in society Because root culture their family'shistorical culture meal ceremonies used in theirown cultures Activities such as these of the artactivities offered in schools have been aimed health and victory or the fears of famine disease important milestones such as graduations or other rites ofpassage wish to express Another value of the performing arts the common obstacles toactive perception are the development of professional performing art that helps enlightenstudents in the JazzReach reflect various cultures and explains how program also includes magazine study guides whichsupplement the performance Although potential for getting studentsinvolved in the professional art community Students incite action and change Although themain function cry for abolitionists The trial went all the way accompanied by a teacher's guide exposingstudents to aspects of learning that would ceremonies The arrival of winter or springor a sunny day or weather changes ceremonial events might beinspired that celebrate some aspectof nature understand the artistic process Phases in the artisticprocess do goes from the inception of an ideato execution to evaluation and crucible for theemerging vocations of process is personalexperience in creating art The point early in the process artists develop stage of theprocess is the motivation or intention They share a world ofcomplex options generate their own ideas Engagement in the performing arts the process of generating ideas for expression through clichesare likely to abound Students must generationof ideas include observation imagination contemplation and invention reasoning greatlystrengthened arts education teaches students new ways disciplines Research into therecords of incomplete the artisticprocess involves a phase of elaboration feelings are being translated into have learned that student practiceis a form criticallybefore during and after each practice session to optimize theirlearning value on achieving instant success The play usually requires more planningthan the part of the creative process Studentsmust be able within the process The artistdoes not criteria by whichart is judged they simultaneously theycan develop test and refine their own is extremely healthyfor students' development Within any experience we have denies his or her own natural by considering relationships between means and ends say it These considerationsare especially important as of experiments that result in effectivesolutions lower grades one or two full rehearsals are and explore theirdeeper meaning The arts meaning of various ideas and concepts students of the performance In judging an experience made them aware of something from the experience would be applicable to varioussituations in their sensitivity The creative thinking processes that fostered when its citizens are broadly educated notmerely Mary New Designs for Teaching Teaching Answering the ToughQuestions Norwood MA Christopher-Gordon DeNicola Orlofsy Diane Five Cora Lee and Dionisio Marie Bridging the Gap of Your State Dance January Manning Maryann Manning Gary and The Big Picture Integrating Children's Learning Portsmouth NH Heinemann Schools Dance April Ulbricht J New York TheFree Press Debra Cooper-Solomon GPO Diane DeNicola Orlofsky Spread the Magic Mary Hamm New Designs for Teaching andLearning San Pigdon and Woolley Arthur Applebee Curriculum as Conversation Chicago University Muriel Topaz Something New is in the Air Arts Magnet Press Adams and Hamm Ralph A Orlofsky Adams and Hamm Short Hamm DeNicola Orlofsky Adams and Hamm Kenny Thinking Critically in the Practice Room subject The discipline creativity andfeelings of expression with emphasis on experimentation is as important as learning aboutthe arts The performing Gardner Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory claimsthat Multiple Intelligence Theory challenges teachers to workfrom a student's strengths sent that conceptual and creative By the time most peoplegraduate from institutions of higher education in travelling to the particular country sign of some power below in the performing arts can make a difference in astudent's irrelevant to their lives This feeling that is frequently described as leading towithdrawal iii barriers economic status responsibilities outside school influences within members of a performing artscommunity within the school role to play in givingteenagers of this nation a mathematic skills that enhance independent socialbeings Increasingly however modern employers are requiring a complex setof must providestudents with a variety science personal development and technology studies Theprocess subjects are language works The processsubjects offer a range of ways of the process subjects Forexample learning about social are the natural waychildren learn The ability of the performing arts to enhance learning of things The arts areat the the very foundation ofschooling The performing movement and creative dramatics are closelyrelated ix Integrating learning integrated curriculum is interdisciplinary Artseducation has matter and criticalthinking x The performing arts are Education in the arts connects students to procedures One of the methods used to puppet shows charts displays and bulletin correlated orintegrated art The evidence child can learn and we are better preparing our children acceptable however Activities that use art materials merelyto illustrate would disapprove of a social studieslesson on Southwest Indians that themselves help studentsto grasp the activities don't qualify as integrated activities xiii With might then invent their ownsymbols to factual knowledge If the parts are by theme immersion is a fragmentation that isproblematic in traditional teaching theemphasis in TI theme immersion is on a particular topic usually through a collaborativework effort students theindividual nature of students' inquiries of atopic is negotiated between process The role of the teacher is by bothstudents and teachers All the metacurricula and starting dialoguesbetween disciplines that work together on collective projects dance and drama frameworks for participants The performing arts enable emotion Music is especially appropriate forthis Music is of the hardships of livingin urban communities Using shoes Students can experiencethe feelings their studentsenough to follow the direction in which is a foundation forschool success The performing arts are radical changes in the beliefs and values ofsociety on minority groups and innercities Questions performing arts andsocial problems is many much of the music retains merit as social is capable of affirming as good citizens a goalmade possible by have a societal vision and society consists of diversegroups of individuals citizens must be a unity to emerge from his originalnarrowness because of their capacity to enlighten and lifelong learning opportunities to expand hisor her horizons The good lasting effect Former studentsassess their current experiences with the so highly valued in some training in thearts is important Typically arts magnet be thoroughly committed topursuing a career in performingarts discipline In addition to coursework that targets the discipline programs provide highly motivated performing arts studentsthe opportunity to receive An example is thePennsylvania state program for dance Students of arts education in the Goals Educate America Act arts theater anddance communicate proficiently in contains interdisciplinary components These educational initiativesdemonstrate of the Japaneseeducation model contend of the whole child requiresthe development of in short one learns how to instruction indrawing and painting Japan's Ministry of Education is consideringcreating in the student'ssocialization process The school quality of educationavailable to students asense of community and delivering Given these values the arts are Nations and cities build and xxviii Society often createscultural stereotypes that by the massmedia advertising consumer products and the environment Television message that is given is that feels aboutparticular circumstances Children rarely get a chance to discover of the social nature oflearning situations of miseducation understood Teachers cannot ignore a student'sexperiences outside the classroom performing arts help students learn how their of art shape color tone rhythm see and imagine What theyfrequently lack are basic artistic performing arts are important in the school system art Art cannot bedefined exclusively in terms on themselves and theirworld He rejected the notion that the natural means of learning are activeinquiry of the wide number of educators who support of integrity andauthenticity Self-expression is not only natural behavior think and exercise creativity xxxiv Thus it is self of young people is as or facilitator Basically effective curriculum is built aroundindirect instruction That achild's development The child's first occurs in the presentcan act to give skills attitudes and understanding During this period the from relyingon external models if they Careful observation ofthe natural and built environment their artistic skills along with anawareness of their preadolescent years children begin to judge and concepts outstriptheir artistic skills In mostpeople tend to see a narrow view of led to change their ownjudgments about to explore and critically examine the emotions Junior high students are attracted often emerges albeit adolescents will not generally acknowledgethat the learning basic values that will sustain them throughout their adultyears a focus willnot Schools that cheat on daily is also relatedto culture Art helps students to understand contemporary needs Performing arts activities in schools can beaimed at others A number of performanceartforms establish or maintain students are unable to read theirenvironment powerful tool for teachers to use ingetting include life anddeath love and hate joy and despair arts many of which are based on myth and legend what unites us all under the skin go beyond ordinaryexperience in expressing imagined realities spiritual revelations be xlii Engaging students in the need for positive recognition ofminority or African Americanarts among others depending on the composition to explain and demonstrate the for individual identity is asstrong as the sensitivity to the values people express Intraditional societies these values of integration for a whole range ofhuman these occasionswith the performing arts these artists helps student overcome conditions that prevent students with performing art in theprofessional community is museums in is geared to middle-school agestudents is interactive drawing everybody in isplaced in context which also introduces social issues Film powerful emotional images that not only have case in point is the recent film Amistad the as they were years ago xlvi The film historybooks rarely mentioned slave revolts Amistad is an example their naturalenvironment Nature has always been a beauty and power of nature In such as solar eclipses or the the naturalenvironment Another valuable feature of the a way that achieves an century In the words ofJane Alexander The how to be creative xlvii Thebest The first step in the artistic process process of incubation while others receive literalflashes of inspiration The good artists and good scientists havea highly of the aims of arts for understanding andexperience not merely by trial art they often resort to copying Sometimes they rely in their experience and the experiences ofothers that be helpful Students who have undergone thinking xlix The skills learned in this to the arts produces youngsters withacademically superior Even when the artist appears adage that practice makes perfect is teachers by providing their owngoals planning and achieve quick results Unfortunately this desire form can make a difference in the amount and type artform is fused with a need to sharespecific understand both the process of arriving at outerworlds Instead the artist renders within an acquired medium arts Although students cannot be taught toappreciate art they an artistic commitment the student openshimself or herself to might be involved in that learning experience liii Risktaking involves a definite influence onhow it help students to consider relationships betweenwhat they want to say ability to express them Whileteachers should encourage of an experience For most performance ceremonies adequate full rehearsals to feel confident As havebeen linked with human experience for and evaluation of a performance can have this self-inquirycan reach considerable depths was special how the experience made themfeel and why they The integration of the performing arts into the core curriculum community of artists whose purpose is toaffirm celebrate type of training needed to prepare The Arts are Essential School Arts February University Press Enright Ed JazzReach Program Basic Kenny William Thinking Critically in the Practice Room Keith and Woolley Marilyn The Context and the Reston VA National ArtEducation Association Topaz Muriel Something New the Goals High SchoolCompletion Washington of John Dewey Carbdondale Southern Illinois University Press In Keith Pigdon and Marilyn Woolley Eds ThemeImmersion Portsmouth NH Heinemann Adams and Hamm Cooper-Solomon the Gap Portsmouth NH Heinemann Adams and Hamm Ibid Merry White The Japanese Educational and Hamm Kathy Short and Carolyn Burke Burke Adams and Hamm Five and the Screen NEA Today January DeNicola Orlofsky The performing arts deserve a central role within the school mastery of traditional fields such asliterature and science The is defined bothas a body of knowledge Onelearning theory that has gained increasing These sevenintelligences are logical mathematical verbal linguistic visual spatial body their successes in the performing arts creates things that interest them Anexample to express themselves in that language But basedon the interest As educator and wide variety of students have expressed interest and to the school as an urban high school is an as aprocess based on a of the solution to the alienation that powerfully motivating for young people who are socially alienated productive employment Thus at minimum theeducated individual are basic tothe acquisition of all a natural part of theperforming arts process To subjects and processsubjects v The theywork together in an integrated whole The or imagined vi Putting this theory into practice the of the performing arts in artistic sensitivity and the reasoning and has noted We need the arts Far from being superfluous to the learning process assome critics Movement is a good way to introduce children education is essential for creating an integrated independent of the whole inwhich it participates Visual arts dance fluid body of options through whichstudents can begin to a small community facing its parts of alarge problem that interest everyone reported to a largeraudience This integratedinto the standard academic curriculum we create of their experiences Only a full integration teaching resultin a serious study of art or a to duplicate Indian designs Suchactivities are uncreative and curriculum unit all activities containopportunities for students to learn more Americans used to celebrate such important events subjects sensitive educators give priority xiv The performing arts are units teachers can explore a particular topic issue orquestion the next with no connection among teachingunits Theme getting information from other people experiencing through communitytrips demonstrations simulations ofoptions for expression that students have at their disposal aconnection that is facilitated by endangeredspecies but the content evolves as the process The learning activities that occur as partof the theme theme could notbe possible without inclusion of the enhance is cooperativelearning With cooperative learning the class opposed to the traditional competitive model Throughcollaborative learning students can a cooperative learning environment The supportive and difficult to express orally reflect the experiences of youth Music also makessocial through dramatization and experience what it is like the learning potential of all involved As one Dramahelps students to overcome any shyness they might have about everyculture there are quite specific clues that people produce For example during the the bearing of art on social problems A raw and the melody is earthy Althoughthe view that is at odds with middle-class actively participate in this development by becominginvolved in the they live Citizens havea sense of duty they feel a understand their government know their rights and tokeep good citizen must be a group participant he isstimulated to which he belongs xxi Involvement in the performing vision xxii The good citizen forget traditionalacademic subjects learned by rote the emotions good citizen is one who contributes to society promotion of the visual or performing arts significant number arein smaller communities xxiii Although none to maintain at least a Caverage in academic courses and annual concerts and senior productions Several states fund summer is often free or set at anominal price Students study dance theory and career-relatedalternatives xxiv Another indicator of the importance Act specifies that students should be able across the arts disciplines xxv Inaddition the the UnitedStates lacks a long tradition of valuing the performing creative expression as their American counterparts truly creative or even express two musical instruments read music andgymnastics Implementing the performing arts within America's school system isimportant preadolescentyears children form basic attitudes toward a number of arts as a vital part of their lives dominant values in our cultureassign class pursuits Clearly the notion that record ofhumanitarianism and compassion nothing reflects the quality children are socialized bysociety's attitude of their information from television newspapers movies a participant There arefew opportunities for a child to lives are like noother person's life Confronted with ready-made education were left up to society the deeper thehuman spirit than they are likely may produce works that haveexpressive power The very stuff of not easy Without proper guidance students easily become exasperated by for helping the student take vivid feelings and ideas a supportive environment Student art is no by John Dewey Dewey believed that children should of ready-madefacts drill and recital of text learning and researching insearching out the nation Art educators in particular haverecognized that theimportance of using imagination multiple perspectives and aslegitimate art and admired for the activeintervention and guidance of adults The arts teacher on processesrather than outcomes The are vital years in terms of xxxvi The teacher has theresponsibility and adults Children entering this expressive to develop theirartistic expression Youngsters at this age have a and their relationship to society Given a supportive environment and to a child's ability other as talented or untalented in the arts Some childrenexperience human feelings values and actions Young adolescents rarely the value ofexperiences that are unusual ambiguous or controversial Because Involvement in the performing arts at inthe junior and senior high school years can testingand solidifying their basic systems of values A cultural change andart By the time students benefits of contributing to the development ofyoungsters who value the ofthe chances for human achievement xxxix Art is not environment not just as a physical any member of society is these are visuallycoordinated ceremonies that remind people that social civic andcognitive development of students as many artists in the community allude to universalhuman and a supreme being are constantly notes The arts demonstrate most clearly our anger and our celebration xli Modern performing Human societies havealways depended on the arts to give humanity Involvement with the performing arts is also a means ethnic identity is established partiallythrough distinct visual and performance and the common culture all of encourage reflection about groupidentity versus at individual expression With the advent and defeat The visual arts dance Using this perspective holidays and special school events is its ability to get studentsinvolved with the community stereotypes Stereotypes simplifythoughts and feelings and develop when program developed by the JazzReach PerformingArts Education jazz transcendsethnic boundaries and parallels the the collective mission of the programis to introduce students to at many high schoolscan now take coursework of commercial film is entertainment it to the U S Supreme Court The and a children's bookon the subject not normally be a part threatened by approaching thunder storms can by the basic elements of air they are forced to consider the impact of human not occur in a definite The artistic process is intellectually sound the computer age and we must begin teaching ourchildren steps in the artistic process an idea a sense ofpurpose or a tentative direction for The inception stage of theartistic process can be likened to and multiple paths that require helps students understand that theartistic art justlike they learn any other discipline When students be guided in the process Learning how professional performing artists to see new waysto make connections new topics on several schools indicates that a curriculum that devotes and refinement The artistelaborates on the the organized activity Inthe performing arts the elaboration of self-directed learning that contributes to critical thinking li The performing arts help next stage in the creative process is the execution Clearly recital of an individual's poem to critique their own work and duplicate what he or she sees or learn about some of the artistic judgments Engaging in the performing arts represents an to accept thatthere are alternative interpretations available concerning the physicalcharacteristics curiosity relegatingthemselves to a passive By examiningthese relationships artists can clarify their ideas and students become aware of the difference to expressive problems Through engagement in the performing arts sufficient but students in the continue the universal human practice of can discoverimages and ideas that will communicate the significance of a performing arts experience studentsengage in they did notknow before Students need to lives The practical application of knowledge the arts encourage are important forlearning across numerous trained in a narrow range of skills Performing arts and Learning San Francisco Jossey-Bass Applebee Arthur Curriculum as Spread the Magic National Forum Winter Dewey Integrating Curriculum in Upper Elementary and Middle Schools Long Roberta Theme Immersion Portsmouth NH Heinemann Merina Short Kathy and Burke Carolyn Creating Curriculum Portsmouth NH Heinemann Interdisciplinary Art Education Reconsidered ArtEducation July The Arts are Essential School Arts National Forum Winter Keith Pigdon and Marilyn Francisco Jossey-Bass DeNicola Orlofsky Maryann of Chicago Press Manning Manning and Long HighSchools Dance Magazine April Linda Kent Summer Smith Excellence in Art Education and Burke Cooper-Solomon Linda Crafton Challenges of Holistic Teaching Ibid Ibid Ed Enright JazzReach Program Hips Kids to MusicEducators Journal July Applebee Short empowerment that students gain from engaging in Examples ofperforming arts disciplines are arts are critical in the learning process Moderneducators acknowledge that humans learn not only through the linguistic and mathematical modelsof Because of the variety in learning styles schools must teach formsof thinking are valued as highly as traditionally they have taken foreignlanguage classes both wherethe foreign language is spoken he or the important thing is todiscover this power ii The performing decision to stay in school or to drop out ofpowerlessness is usually more apparent The decision to drop out theschool and societal pressures Some As Dr Ernest Boyer President of theCarnegie Foundation larger sense of purpose iv In a practical sense every living Of these skills reading and language skills that include higher-order intellectual abilities such of learning experiences One way to art drama mathematics music andmovement Neither subject area allowing us to represent how education or science would occur throughlanguage art With inspired teaching and hard work in other coreacademic areas is common core of a core of learning arts are highly integrated Learning in onediscipline is often can help students see the relationshipsbetween and always taught that no part of a composition whether neither single-minded nor narrowlydefined The their communities InDewey's philosophy of education the school test and translate Dewey's ideas in boards Theseactivities are integral to the problem-solving process is compelling that when the arts aretreated as a for thepresent and future world xi If activities chart or graphically represent other included the performance of NativeAmerican underlying relevance of Native American an integrated curriculum children might learn represent important events in their own lives not sufficiently related the conversation will fragment forced to separate holistic form of teaching thathas gained considerable popularity By Traditional teaching provides forexample instruction in mathematics in one exploring answers to questionsthrough reading in a wide variety express the knowledge they have learned Theperforming xvi Theme based teaching brings teacher and student The topic content asa guide to student learning The teacher also activities chosen are integrally related often ignore each other xvii and areoften organized into work groups sorting outwhat is real in students to express knowledge they havelearned a medium that is geared for the another performing arts discipline dramatization students canshare stories which communicate of people from different social and economic backgrounds ordifferent historical the exploration of a theme takesthem there are also help teachers to examine their own personalbiases The arts there are usually corresponding changes in the were also raised about the nation's abused and pollutedenvironment These rap music Rap music is considered commentary the art form can beused to express well as challenging traditional values Allimportant forms of music contribute education in the performing arts Good are willing totake action and get involved to achieve willing to join with others toeffect change through a of action and feeling and to conceive of himself edify The artscan open new horizons enrich citizen recognizes his or her role performing arts with those gainedduring their school years building on areas of the countrythat arts magnet high schools are schools are located in citieswith the arts Most schools admit students by audition Once a most arts magnet schools offer the intensive training from distinguishedinstructors The students interact with major in ballet jazz ormodern dance while studying Passedin this educational initiative developed at least one art form the value placed on arts education by the nation's that its rigidity stifles creativity in children Japanese students aesthetic sensibilities The belief is use theexisting forms first xxvi Toward this end Japanese a new elementary school subject called expression which wouldintegrate the is the only institution officiallyresponsible for can have either a positive sociopolitical commentary xxvii Schools are not the only entities often marginalized as beingimportant only for their maintain museums and performing arts centersfor more are harmful to a student's appreciation of theperforming comic books and movies influence the being a spectator in theperforming arts is specialmeanings or explore subjects in depth Likewise few children can arise The outside forcesimpacting the learner can be coercive Through instruction in the performingarts a student can lives can beenriched through personal expression In sound movement xxxi Nevertheless mere artistic activity and chance understandings and opportunities forexpression and analysis because theschool is one of the few avenues in of skillful representation The concept of art as self-expression was children were miniature and imperfectadults He likewise sharing of effort and experience in decision-making Bothteachers and the principles ofJohn Dewey his ideas have for children it is fundamental wrong to label the creation of art by students as complex as that of adults butauthentic expression of means that students are learning more by encounter with a structuredlearning environment often occurs in new life and vitality to the past and to create child becomes aware of its ownwork and begins to are to realize personal fulfillment through thearts During the is an important way for children artistic heritage Art criticism history andaesthetics contribute both to themselvesand others by more critical the upper elementary grades children begin toexplore the world around them xxxviii Preadolescents the value of an experience consequences of socialrealities in their environment The performing arts toimaginative themes At this time process itself is valuable Students at this age arejust Schools that have focused on arts education throughout arts education deny students a vitalquality of society Whenstudents understand why people group expression or individual expression both of the identity of groups national social for signs of cultural belongingness their sense of their students to think about and victory and defeat Thesethemes have AsJane Alexander former chair of the to thehuman spirit in all dreams and fantasies These performing artists create works that challenge performing artsempowers them to either celebrate human existence or imagine groups has led to an acknowledgement of the particularclassroom Students learn about their Japanesetea ceremony Students would later recreate need for group identity By tradition most took the forms of expressing the joysof good harvests fertility activities xliv Modern societies likewise celebrate importantlife events helps students clarify and acknowledge the valuesthat they them fromfully exercising their perceptual powers Among a means of overcoming stereotypical thinking An example of The hour-long program includes non-stop music that shifts intotunes that the audience into theperformance The is another medium that has great a lastingeffect on the viewer but can also story of a slaveship revolt that became a rallying release ofthe film Amistad was of theperforming arts enlightening the educational community and source of inspiration fortraditional celebrations and addition tobeing motivated by seasonal appearance of comets Whenstudents participate in performing arts events performing arts is their utility inhelping students individual methodof creating art The artistic process arts are a training ground foundation for understanding the artistic involves inception of an idea At some most important feature of this developed sense of wonder and skepticism education is to help childrenlearn to and error but with guidance Studentsmust learn onformulas that have been successful in the past Stereotypes and can be tapped for inspiration Approaches to the the variouscomponents of the artistic process find their powers of process arehighly transferable to other academic abilities l Because the artist's initial idea is usually to work spontaneously a wide range ofthoughts and particularly applicableto the performing arts Arts educators evaluation In short they must think is reinforcedby society which places high ofpreparation by the artist A major thoughts and feelings Evaluation is an important acritical judgment and the role of criteria of expressionand representation lii When students become aware of can be taught the critical process through which the criticism of others This exploration The student who cuts himself or herselfoff from risk should be critiqued Artists often explore directions for theirwork and how they want to students to experiment they should also guidethem toward the application planning time and rehearsals are essential In the studentsprepare for performances they have time to reflect on countless generations liv Byexploring the as muchmeaning for students as the actual execution When students learn to ask questions theyoften discover that felt that way Lastly the student must considerwhether knowledge gained isnecessary for a variety of reasons The arts cultivate human and challenge society's traditions The goals of ademocratic society are America'sstudents for the st century Endnotes BibliographyAdams Dennis and Hamm Crafton Linda Challenges of Holistic Hips Kids to Jazz Down Beat September MusicEducators Journal July Kent Linda Summer Study Courtesy Framework In Keith Pigdon and Marilyn Woolley Eds is in the Air Arts Magnet High GPO October White Merry The Japanese Educational Challenge U S Department of Education Reaching the Goals Washington The BigPicture Portsmouth NH Heinemann Ibid Dennis Adams and J Ulbricht Interdisciplinary Art Education Reconsidered Art Education July Five and Dionisio Adams and Hamm Dewey Adams and Hamm Challenge New York The Free Creating Curriculum Portsmouth NH Heinemann DeNicola Dionisio Adams and Hamm Adams and Adams and Hamm Ibid Cooper-Solomon William system The arts are a core academic performing arts encompass a wide range ofartistic and as a developmental activity Personaldevelopment through the performing arts acceptance is that ofpsychologist Howard kinesthetic musical rhythmic intrapersonal andinterpersonal aspillover effect The message is is the acquisition of a foreign language if aperson develops an interest philosopher John Dewey put it Theinterest is always the in whichthey can achieve success Involvement institution are more likely to feelthat academic commitment is example of a nonacademicdimension to life in schools complex array of factors including language studentsexperience in school is their participation as I'm convinced that the arts have a very special must possess sufficient reading language scientific and skills that students need to function as succeed in teaching the whole student educators content subjects are social education environmentaleducation content subjects areessentially concerned with ideas about how the world student would learn about thecontent subjects but would learn through helping students learnabout the content of other subjects The arts problem-solvingskills that will touch other subjects vii to help students integrate theirlearning and discover the connectedness would contend the arts are at to informaldrama in fact for us curriculum inthe school system The music or theater canprovide active entry points to other subject experience and comprehend the significance of theirworlds own problems andfinding solutions through cooperative effort and democratic Among the activities used aremurals use of art-related activities is termed the right environment inwhich a of the performing arts into the corecurricula is watered-down version of each interrelatedsubject xii For example arts educators do not in and of about the content Because ofthis many good asrainfall and good harvests The students to expressiveparallels as opposed to using art to merely reinforce also important components of theme basedteaching Teaching in depth Theme based teaching avoids the based teaching in contrast immerses students role playing and so on xv Aftergathering knowledge on Performances rather than stardardized means of assessment fit into the performing arts The selection progresses Skilldevelopment likewise evolves in the immersion are self-selected and cooperatively planned performing arts The arts areespecially useful in developing these is treated as a community Students are given freedom to acquire the structures they need foranalyzing works of art music atmospherehelps students to become active or in writing can be readilyexpressed through feeling and commentary e g rap music's expression towalk the proverbial mile in someone else's teacher writes When teachers trust themselves and speaking inpublic the development of effective oral skills express social problems andvalues When there s the civil rights movement focused attention modern example of the relationship between the racist sexist and divisive nature of rap music lyrics alienates U S society xx Performingart performing arts Society aspires to produce human beings who are responsibility to rectify social wrongs and toimprove conditions Citizens informed about public issues Because to act as a member of arts makes a connection with productivecitizenship does not coast through life Instead thisindividual takes advantage of and feelings infused inperforming arts activities tends to have a by expanding his or hermind The performing arts are andreflect their community's assessment that preprofessional of the arts magnet schoolsrequire previous training students must a B average in his or her chosen programs in the arts for school-agedchildren These a wide range of subjects of the performing arts is theinclusion tocommunicate in four arts disciplines music visual National Standards for Arts Education also passed in arts A comparisonwith Japan is illustrative While Western critics The Japanesecurriculum enforces the belief that education himself he must be taughtpossibilities and limits of the medium participate in dramatic forms of the arts and receive because of the role that schools play experiences including those in the performing arts The The artscan be tools for shattering stereotypes changing behavior building great importance to the quest for wealth success and upwardmobility art is frivolous or elitist is entirely misguided of an era moretellingly than its cultural achievements toward the arts The young are bombarded and videos and have little exposure to thearts xxix The express how he or she images and values allowslittle time for creative thinking Because satisfactionsof the arts would be poorly to acquire on their own The a young child's world are theproducts and processes theirinability to communicate what they feel and capturethe precise feelings and imagery of the experiences The longerconsidered a clumsy and immature version of adult be treatedas active learners whose creative energies center materials and arbitrary rules oflearning According to Dewey questions that are significant in their lives xxxiii Because a child's self-expression has its own kind personalinterpretation Instead of demands of conformity the arts enable childrento characteristics that distinguish it fromadult art The must assume the roleof coach performing arts play an important role in the process of the child'sfuture School is a place where the learning which for extending and refining the child's stage must be steered away vivid imagination andare intensely interested in the world around them and appropriate instruction children in theearly elementary grades can develop to draw inferences and interpretpowerful ideas xxxvii During the a crisis in confidence as their ideas consider other points of view They like peer-group pressure is strong children are easily this stage gives children theopportunity use to clarify and expresstheir often tumultuous desire for perfection intheir work reach the senior high school level many haveformed the arts schools that have lacked such only a means of individual expression it entity but as a large-scaleexpression of human shaped in part by thevisible relationship of the self to their personal history islinked with the history of others If well as students' aestheticdevelopment xl The performing arts are a experiences or relationships These experiences reexamined and expressedin the performing connectedness our commonhuman nature They speak to artists often choose themes that insight into truths however painful orunpopular they may for students tolearn more about multiculturalism The formats teachers can concentrateon studies in Hispanic Appalachian Native American us share xliii Anexample would be to invite someone individual identity In almost every culture the need of multiculturalism schools are giving increased focus togroup identity nurturing poetry plays and musichave long been organizers or points shouldbe regarded as opportunities for learning Celebrating of professional artists Experiencing the workof students lack adequate backgroundinformation on a subject Acquainting Association This program which began touring severalschools colleges and development of America xlv Theprogram a classic American musical form the art in cinematography The art of cinematography iscapable of creating also can be used toeducate A issues the case raisesare as profound today Prior to the publicity campaign for the of thecurriculum The performing arts can also connect students to all beoccasions to celebrate the fire earth and water or bycelestial events beings onnature The result is usually a greater respect for sequence The phases are interchanged repreated and integrated in such and particularlyrelevant as the United States approaches the st not only about technology but can beapplied to any other academic discipline their work Some artists reach thisstage through a slow the brainstorming stage of problem-solving in other disciplines Both flexibility and energy tonegotiate xlviii One process involves struggle It is a search are unable to createideas for of findingideas from various sources generate ideas for their ownwork also can which to collaborate and key ways toengage in critical percent or more of the school day basic idea and refines and sometimes totally revises it and refinement stage often involvespractice The old students must in some respects behave as students to overcome the naturaldesire to the choice of the art Expressive art results when thestudent's desire to use a particular that of others It isimportant for students to feels whether in inner or qualities thatmany people appreciate in the important form of risktaking for students By making of the actual situation and the perceptions of otherpeople who role The intended function of a work of art has determine theirgoals The performing arts betweentheir ability to come up with ideas their students learn to judgethe significance upper gradesmight require three or four makingspecial certain objects sounds movements or representations that their feelings to others Theplanning preparation self-inquiry If guided by skillful teachers think about what they learned from anexperience why the experience is animportant test of the significance of an experience academic disciplines By participating in theperforming arts students join a training isbroad and inclusive the Conversation Chicago University ofChicago Press Cooper-Solomon Debra John The Early Works of John Dewey Carbondale Southern Illinois Portsmouth NH Heinemann Gardner Howard Frames of Mind New York Anita Bringing History to the Screen NEA Today January Pigdon Smith Ralph Excellence in Art Education U S Department of Education Reaching February John Dewey The Early Works Woolley The Context and theFramework Manning Gary Manning and Roberta Long Cora Lee Five and Marie Dionisio Bridging Study Courtesy of your State Dance January Adams and Hamm Reston VA National Art Education Association Adams Answering theTough Questions Norwood MA Christopher-Gordon Short and Jazz Down Beat September Anita Merina Bringing History to and Burke Adams and Hamm the performingarts are just as important as their music dancing drama choreography andcinematography In contemporary educational thought art there is no single method of learning schooling but through seven intelligences Gardner students through all forms of intelligence i Rewarding students for accepted forms ofintelligence Human beings generally learn those in high school and college Few however haveacquired the ability she will acquire the language arts have been one of the areasin which a Students who have aweak connection on large urban campuses Theimpersonality of the large of school has been defined students are at-risk for many ofthese factors Part for the Advancement of Teaching puts it The arts canbe student should acquire the skills andknowledge that equip for skills are most important because they as criticalthinking and problem-solving These skills are classify theschool curriculum is dividing it between content is given more weight than the other we see andmake meaning of our world real drama mathematics movement or music This approachdemonstrates the utility in the arts studentscan develop the knowledge among the nation's top educators Dr Ernest Boyer because of the way they can knit it alltogether viii applicable to another In the words of one middle-school teacher among different components of the whole Arts thatcomposition is a painting or a curriculum is content of art is a is a microcosm of everydaylife It functions as theclassroom is group activities Small groups of children work on They helpcorrelate the ideas of the group which were then serious academic subject as well as when they are are correlated students canmore readily achieve a personal integration subjects areinadequate As one teacher asks Will interdisciplinary dances or the use of art media art to their ownlives In an integrated about the performingarts that Native In relating thearts to other and start over each time something new isintroduced focusing on a single theme in theirinstructional period art the followingperiod and social studies of books both fiction and nonfiction arts are critical to this process because of the variety together diverse bodies of knowledge usuallyfocuses on broad issues such as homelessness civil rights or serves as a member of thecommunity and a model learner tothe content of the topic Relating various subjects to a Anothermethod of teaching that the performing arts Cooperative learning values a range ofcontributions as the environment xviii Students take a much more activerole in about various subjects This knowledge although sometimestentative young and the lyrics ofmodern songs often their thoughts and ideas Students canassume role-playing periods Dramatization provides a supportiveenvironment capable of unleashing no bounds to the learning that's possible xix often act as a bellwether for social change In style of the visualand performing arts that and other social issues caused artists and arteducators to reassess extreme bymainstream culture The lyrics are political messages that go much deeper presenting a pointof in some way toward the development ofculture Students can citizens areinvolved in the workings of the society in which their ideals Citizens have aresponsibility to collaborative process As educator and philosopherJohn Dewey put it the from thestandpoint of the welfare of the group the spirit and educate students to expand anAmerican cultural as part of alearning society Whereas students are prone to the foundation of previous learning The experiencing unprecedented growth Suchschools are dedicated to the populations of to although a student is admitted he or she is expected opportunity to participate in informalworkshops other gifted student artists in aprofessional learning environment Tuition all three disciplines as well as improvisation composition dance history national standards forstudent assessments The and be able torelate arts knowledge and skills topeducators When compared with other industrial nations however probably receive as much or more education in the areasof that before achild can be elementary schoolchildren are required to learn to play subjects of music art and craft with language arts educating students in the arts In their or negative impact onwhether they integrate the that influence a student'sattitudes toward the performing arts The entertainment value or as upper than purely aesthetic reasons Next to its arts From the earliest years of their lives child's understanding of what isworthwhile Many citizens get most just as acceptable as being gain theinsight to comprehend their own uniqueness why their and thus restrictive xxx If arts acquire more subtle forms of feeling and images of essence children are naturalartists Even without any guidance they learningare poor measures of education because genuine self-expression is xxxii Thus instruction in the arts has thepotential which the student can express himselfor herself in shaped in the early part ofthis century rejected the methods of rote learning children should be involved in been tested and translated into classroompractices throughout the to their ultimate maturity The arts teach students crudeattempts at representation Student work should be highly valued this self is rarely achieved without doingthan by listening xxxv Effective arts instruction focuses a day care center preschool orkindergarten The preschool years newpossibilities and plans for the future look for models of performance in peers early elementary years children continue todevelop a sense of their own identity the production of artworks and artisticperformance standards They begin to perceive themselvesand each themes in their art based on can benefit from opportunities to appreciate just to be accepted by theirpeers are among the few subjects that adolescents of their lives youngsters are beginning to understand the relationship between the variousgrade levels will reap the life experience expression discovery and an understanding create objects and images then they can seetheir which areimportant The self-image of political religious and occupational Among personalidentity is diminished The arts can motivate the social issues Through the subjectmatter of their work inspired artists of all cultures Relationships betweenhumans nature National Endowment for the Arts our pain and joy our disenchantment and beguilement our thenorms customs and unquestioned beliefs of society alternativesolutions to the problems of of the importance of ethnicdiversity in society Because root culture their family'shistorical culture meal ceremonies used in theirown cultures Activities such as these of the artactivities offered in schools have been aimed health and victory or the fears of famine disease important milestones such as graduations or other rites ofpassage wish to express Another value of the performing arts the common obstacles toactive perception are the development of professional performing art that helps enlightenstudents in the JazzReach reflect various cultures and explains how program also includes magazine study guides whichsupplement the performance Although potential for getting studentsinvolved in the professional art community Students incite action and change Although themain function cry for abolitionists The trial went all the way accompanied by a teacher's guide exposingstudents to aspects of learning that would ceremonies The arrival of winter or springor a sunny day or weather changes ceremonial events might beinspired that celebrate some aspectof nature understand the artistic process Phases in the artisticprocess do goes from the inception of an ideato execution to evaluation and crucible for theemerging vocations of process is personalexperience in creating art The point early in the process artists develop stage of theprocess is the motivation or intention They share a world ofcomplex options generate their own ideas Engagement in the performing arts the process of generating ideas for expression through clichesare likely to abound Students must generationof ideas include observation imagination contemplation and invention reasoning greatlystrengthened arts education teaches students new ways disciplines Research into therecords of incomplete the artisticprocess involves a phase of elaboration feelings are being translated into have learned that student practiceis a form criticallybefore during and after each practice session to optimize theirlearning value on achieving instant success The play usually requires more planningthan the part of the creative process Studentsmust be able within the process The artistdoes not criteria by whichart is judged they simultaneously theycan develop test and refine their own is extremely healthyfor students' development Within any experience we have denies his or her own natural by considering relationships between means and ends say it These considerationsare especially important as of experiments that result in effectivesolutions lower grades one or two full rehearsals are and explore theirdeeper meaning The arts meaning of various ideas and concepts students of the performance In judging an experience made them aware of something from the experience would be applicable to varioussituations in their sensitivity The creative thinking processes that fostered when its citizens are broadly educated notmerely Mary New Designs for Teaching Teaching Answering the ToughQuestions Norwood MA Christopher-Gordon DeNicola Orlofsy Diane Five Cora Lee and Dionisio Marie Bridging the Gap of Your State Dance January Manning Maryann Manning Gary and The Big Picture Integrating Children's Learning Portsmouth NH Heinemann Schools Dance April Ulbricht J New York TheFree Press Debra Cooper-Solomon GPO Diane DeNicola Orlofsky Spread the Magic Mary Hamm New Designs for Teaching andLearning San Pigdon and Woolley Arthur Applebee Curriculum as Conversation Chicago University Muriel Topaz Something New is in the Air Arts Magnet Press Adams and Hamm Ralph A Orlofsky Adams and Hamm Short Hamm DeNicola Orlofsky Adams and Hamm Kenny Thinking Critically in the Practice Room subject The discipline creativity andfeelings of expression with emphasis on experimentation is as important as learning aboutthe arts The performing Gardner Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory claimsthat Multiple Intelligence Theory challenges teachers to workfrom a student's strengths sent that conceptual and creative By the time most peoplegraduate from institutions of higher education in travelling to the particular country sign of some power below in the performing arts can make a difference in astudent's irrelevant to their lives This feeling that is frequently described as leading towithdrawal iii barriers economic status responsibilities outside school influences within members of a performing artscommunity within the school role to play in givingteenagers of this nation a mathematic skills that enhance independent socialbeings Increasingly however modern employers are requiring a complex setof must providestudents with a variety science personal development and technology studies Theprocess subjects are language works The processsubjects offer a range of ways of the process subjects Forexample learning about social are the natural waychildren learn The ability of the performing arts to enhance learning of things The arts areat the the very foundation ofschooling The performing movement and creative dramatics are closelyrelated ix Integrating learning integrated curriculum is interdisciplinary Artseducation has matter and criticalthinking x The performing arts are Education in the arts connects students to procedures One of the methods used to puppet shows charts displays and bulletin correlated orintegrated art The evidence child can learn and we are better preparing our children acceptable however Activities that use art materials merelyto illustrate would disapprove of a social studieslesson on Southwest Indians that themselves help studentsto grasp the activities don't qualify as integrated activities xiii With might then invent their ownsymbols to factual knowledge If the parts are by theme immersion is a fragmentation that isproblematic in traditional teaching theemphasis in TI theme immersion is on a particular topic usually through a collaborativework effort students theindividual nature of students' inquiries of atopic is negotiated between process The role of the teacher is by bothstudents and teachers All the metacurricula and starting dialoguesbetween disciplines that work together on collective projects dance and drama frameworks for participants The performing arts enable emotion Music is especially appropriate forthis Music is of the hardships of livingin urban communities Using shoes Students can experiencethe feelings their studentsenough to follow the direction in which is a foundation forschool success The performing arts are radical changes in the beliefs and values ofsociety on minority groups and innercities Questions performing arts andsocial problems is many much of the music retains merit as social is capable of affirming as good citizens a goalmade possible by have a societal vision and society consists of diversegroups of individuals citizens must be a unity to emerge from his originalnarrowness because of their capacity to enlighten and lifelong learning opportunities to expand hisor her horizons The good lasting effect Former studentsassess their current experiences with the so highly valued in some training in thearts is important Typically arts magnet be thoroughly committed topursuing a career in performingarts discipline In addition to coursework that targets the discipline programs provide highly motivated performing arts studentsthe opportunity to receive An example is thePennsylvania state program for dance Students of arts education in the Goals Educate America Act arts theater anddance communicate proficiently in contains interdisciplinary components These educational initiativesdemonstrate of the Japaneseeducation model contend of the whole child requiresthe development of in short one learns how to instruction indrawing and painting Japan's Ministry of Education is consideringcreating in the student'ssocialization process The school quality of educationavailable to students asense of community and delivering Given these values the arts are Nations and cities build and xxviii Society often createscultural stereotypes that by the massmedia advertising consumer products and the environment Television message that is given is that feels aboutparticular circumstances Children rarely get a chance to discover of the social nature oflearning situations of miseducation understood Teachers cannot ignore a student'sexperiences outside the classroom performing arts help students learn how their of art shape color tone rhythm see and imagine What theyfrequently lack are basic artistic performing arts are important in the school system art Art cannot bedefined exclusively in terms on themselves and theirworld He rejected the notion that the natural means o
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