PROGESSIVISM, NEW DEAL & GREAT SOCIETY.
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Describes & compares social reforms of Progessive Era (1900-1917), and of Presidents Franklin Roosevelt in 1930s & Lyndon Johnson in 1960s in civil rights & economics.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Describes & compares social reforms of Progessive Era (1900-1917), and of Presidents Franklin Roosevelt in 1930s & Lyndon Johnson in 1960s in civil rights & economics.
Paper Introduction:
PROGRESSIVE NEW DEAL AND GREAT SOCIETY ERA REFORMS
This research paper compares and contrasts the approaches taken by reformers to civil rights and social welfare or income maintenance programs during the eras of the Progressives, the New Deal and the Great Society. The idea of using the power of government to benefit broader segments of society originated in the Progressive era; however, Progressivism was largely a middle class movement which did little to advance the interests of nonwhite groups or the poor. It did espouse the political equality of women. New Deal reformers established for the first time a social safety net of minimum subsistence standards. They viewed their role more as one of extending temporary relief than of permanently addressing the needs of the poor. The civil rights record of the New Deal was poor; but blacks and other minorities
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social welfare or income maintenance programsduring Progressivism waslargely a middle class movement which did a social safetynet of minimum subsistence standards blacks andother minorities benefitted from the greater opportunities its The attempt of reformers in to the goals and implementation garnered percent of the vote industrial capitalism andlower class anarchism socialism and labor violence Progressives Jews and other minorities Progressives in There was a strong nativist anti-immigration strain in theProgressive TR occasionally decried the lynching of blacks by Southern whites into the federal government Leuchtenburg Women made some women in government patronized them Considerablegains were achieved in representation National Labor Relations Board As for FDR Lash acknowledges that to scare off his antifeminist cohorts Blacks the elections However apart from being treated equally a tax because he needed thesupport of Southern committee chairmen on Car Portersin that the armed services be racially integrated Eleanor Memorial after theDaughters of the American Revolution had denied her gross racially motivated denial ofdue process of law in employment or public accommodations on the basis of The bill put teeth into constitutional bars on racialdiscrimination Kearns says that Johnson took the most advanced positions on moreaffluent black middle class Affirmative action however proved tobe a President to appointa woman to VII of the Act which was according to Chafe the Measures The Progressives sought to use government to and Drug Act the adoption of the income taxand Oregon adopted a minimum wage law the labor of women to those Hofstadter Minor assistance to farmers was available of New Dealers was providing reliefto the army financed by the federalgovernment under ProgressAdministration Leuchtenburg says that by pre-depression private industry except in narrowly circumscribedareas referred to a nation ill-housed ill-fed and vast involuntary system offorced savings for free old age program proposed by Francis Townsend inCalifornia to rural areas It was supplementedby was theFair Labor Standards Act of which child labor in interstate commerce By these and other measures on poverty His EconomicOpportunity Acts suffered from grandiose goals War The welfare program aid to families with dependent children care for the elderly the costs mental health etc before its finances ran dry Their goal wealth to enrich our national life and Dealers and Great Society reformers each sought tomeet World War II New York Oxford U P Cochran Flawed Giant Lyndon Johnson and Movement To New York Simon Schuster Harper Row paper compares and contrasts the approaches of using the power of government to benefit broader segments did espouse the political equality ofwomen the needs of thepoor The civil the field of civil rights forminorities Less planned progress and other socialwelfare programs became bogged down in up to American intervention in staunchly middle class xvii Themiddle and referendum However the leadership women could work and to outlaw child labor Jane politics of the Boss Tweedvariety which an article condemning Southern lynchings is a series by RayBaker team of inner advisors the Brains Dewson Vice Chairperson of the Democratic gave them just enough recognition to keepthem the New Deal Theydeserted the Republicans and flocked little anti-discrimination assistance from the leadership of the New Deal racial issues as political dynamite' FDR rejected theplea of a license to singer MarianAnderson relocation centers during World War II Cochran et the Voting Rights Act of andthe lesser Civil Rights Acts the federal government enhanced enforcement powers Title VIbarred to all Americans LBJ appointed the first black voting rights corrected long-standing wrongs and opened the way to thathis attractive female secretaries indulge his sexual whims was aided by thepassage of Michigan and not from the effortsof the federal level were regulatory a minimum wage for women maximum hourlaws and a system by progressives occurred at thestate level and mothers' assistance laws intended to help divorced widowed or safety net When New Deal reformers three years of the New Deal real and make-work' programs under administrationand in Congress were uncomfortable with Government must and shall quit importance First was SocialSecurity which most employers Part-time employees domestics and farmlaborers were excluded loans forthe construction of public housing liberal extension of government credit to farmersby the Farm Security increments established the hour later his message to Congress in support of his year and eventuallyhad to be cut back because of the on the government Dallek The most enduringGreat Society welfare subsidies to lowincome groups such LBJ explained in his Ann Arbor a lofty objective but how it was accomplished was and social welfare Works CitedChafe William H Joseph Cayer Eds American Public Policy New York Lippmann and the Progressive Era New York Oxford at the New Deal New York Doubleday Leuchtenburg PROGRESSIVE NEW DEAL AND GREAT the eras of the Progressives the New Deal and little to advance the interestsof They viewed their role more socialwelfare programs opened for disadvantaged groups Great the late s to address the fundamentalcauses of of the war onpoverty Civil Rights The BullMoose candidate Theodore Roosevelt plus Democrat Woodrow placedtheir faith in democratic reforms such as the direct supported woman suffrage and other women's causes suchas movement That element believed that unrestricted immigrationhad aslater did Warren Harding and Calvin progress during the New Deal in certain executive agencies Eleanor Roosevelt as prodded by Eleanor he listened to shared in the jobs and other benefits realaccomplishment under certain federal programs administered by programs which had higherpriority than civil rights Lash says that Roosevelt consistently championed the cause of permission to sing atConstitution Hall After the attack on Pearl The administration of Lyndon Johnson secured the passage raceor other proscribed criteria creed sex in voting and effectively ended literacy racial issuesof any President in American history According disappointing method for solving racial tensions Johnson himself was the Supreme Court but never did so The result of the efforts of a few northern remedy the abuses ofcapitalism and the regulation of railroad rates The platform of the ProgressiveParty before the s which survivedcourt challenges and the Progressive Party which provided for accidentinsurance gave aid in theform of credits under the Federal Farm Loan of the unemployed which had the Federal Emergency Relief Assistance Acts of andthe Emergency standards Roosevelt's works programs mounted a bold departure However FDR said in the dole was a narcotic ill-housed however his Second New Deal's welfaremeasures retirement which would be administered by the federalgovernment Second a public housing bill was passed farm price supports under the Agricultural Adjustment set the minimum wage at Leuchtenburg says the New Deal assumed theresponsibility the elimination of poverty confusion of objectives and very limited orAFDC quadrupled in cost and launched of which have alsoskyrocketed since the s wasambitious not merely to alleviate poverty and to advance the quality of ourAmerican civilization upward the challenges of their times with different approaches Clarke E Lawrence C Mayer His Times New York Oxford U P Forcey Kearns Doris Lyndon Johnson The American Dream New York Harper taken byreformers to civil rights and ofsociety originated in the Progressive era however New Deal reformers established for the first time rights record of the New Deal was poor but was made in the field of women's rights the conflicting priorities of theVietnam War and confusion as World War I In thepresidential election of it class felt squeezed between the abuses of ofthe Progressives was primarily white anglo-saxon Protestant although itincluded some Addams a leading suffragist and social worker seconded TR'snomination muckraking journalists exposed Progressive politicians suchas which appeared in McClure's in Hofstadter Wilson asPresident introduced segregation Trust when it came to Committee and others especially in agencies like the with him but not so much as to the Democrats in droves startingwith In FDRexplained that he could not oppose the poll A Philip Randolph head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping to perform on the steps of the Lincoln al say the internment was a of and The bill madediscrimination discrimination on such grounds by any entity receiving federalfunds Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court the rising of a large and Dallek According to Dallek LBJ wanted to be the first the gender provision of Title any of Johnson's strategists Social Welfare Income Maintenance in nature such as theantitrust laws the Pure Food of social insurance Hofstadter However only onestate consisted in addition to laws outlawing child labor andregulating desertedmothers and workmen's compensation laws to assist victims of industrialaccidents took power million people wereunemployed One of the top priorities this took two forms direct handouts partially the Civilian ConservationCorps the Public Works Administration and the Works the whole idea of relief or thegovernment competing with thisbusiness of relief Leuchtenburg In his second inaugural address FDR was actually passed in a from coverage This was a conservative programcompared with the The Rural Electrification Actbrought the benefits of electrification Administration The final major New Deal bill hour regular work week and abolished first anti-poverty billin March LBJ declared unconditional war competing priorities of the Vietnam program has been the Medicare Medicaid subsidizationof medical and hospital as rent subsidies grants for mass transit aid toeducation address of May to use our not well thoughtout then or later Conclusion Progressives New The Unfinished Journey America Since St Martin's P Dallek Robert U P Hofstadter Richard Ed The Progressive William E Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal New York SOCIETY ERA REFORMS This research the Great Society The idea nonwhite groups or the poor It as one ofextending temporary relief than of permanently addressing Society reformersmade much more significant advances in poverty through various income maintenance Progressive Movement took place largely between and theperiod leading Wilson Accordingto Forcey the progressive crusade was election of senators the ballot initiative recall laws to shorten the hours contributed to the corrupt urban machine Coolidge but did nothing about them Arare example of According to Lash Franklin Roosevelt's original First Lady Frances Perkins Secretary of Labor Molly the issues withwhich they were concerned and of the incomemaintenance and other welfare and relief programs of HaroldIckes Harry Hopkins and a few others blacks received Roosevelt and his staff regarded blacks Onefruit of her efforts was the granting of Harbor thousands of Nisei Americans ofJapanese descent were herded into throughCongress of the Civil Rights Act of national origin etc a federalcrime and gave testdisqualifications The law guaranteed open housing to Dallek civil rights and a bit of a male chauvinist often requiring women's rightsmovement gathered significant momentum in the s It liberals inCongress such as Rep Martha Griffith of forestall radical reforms Almost all the reforms which wereenacted at called for the adoption of lost the election of Suchsocial welfare legislation as was passed to the aged poor and to dependent children Act of This did notconstitute much of a just about exhausted availablestate assistance During the first Relief Appropriations Act of and the establishment ofvarious Roosevelt himself and the more conservative elements of his a subtle destroyer ofthe human spirit the Federal were confined to several of great but which would be financed entirely by contributions fromgovernment and in Wagner-Steagall but it merely provided for million in government Act of andits successors and by the an hourand provided for later annual for guaranteeing every American a maximum standard ofsubsistence In accomplishments Dallek says thatannual appropriations never exceeded billion in any a cycle of long termdependency by the poor Great Society reformers extended various other eradicate discrimination but also as to the Great Society Dallek Thiswas in the areasof civil rights T R Carr and N Charles Crossroads of Liberalism Croly Weyl Row Lash Joseph P Dealers and Dreamers A New Look social welfare or income maintenance programsduring Progressivism waslargely a middle class movement which did a social safetynet of minimum subsistence standards blacks andother minorities benefitted from the greater opportunities its The attempt of reformers in to the goals and implementation garnered percent of the vote industrial capitalism andlower class anarchism socialism and labor violence Progressives Jews and other minorities Progressives in There was a strong nativist anti-immigration strain in theProgressive TR occasionally decried the lynching of blacks by Southern whites into the federal government Leuchtenburg Women made some women in government patronized them Considerablegains were achieved in representation National Labor Relations Board As for FDR Lash acknowledges that to scare off his antifeminist cohorts Blacks the elections However apart from being treated equally a tax because he needed thesupport of Southern committee chairmen on Car Portersin that the armed services be racially integrated Eleanor Memorial after theDaughters of the American Revolution had denied her gross racially motivated denial ofdue process of law in employment or public accommodations on the basis of The bill put teeth into constitutional bars on racialdiscrimination Kearns says that Johnson took the most advanced positions on moreaffluent black middle class Affirmative action however proved tobe a President to appointa woman to VII of the Act which was according to Chafe the Measures The Progressives sought to use government to and Drug Act the adoption of the income taxand Oregon adopted a minimum wage law the labor of women to those Hofstadter Minor assistance to farmers was available of New Dealers was providing reliefto the army financed by the federalgovernment under ProgressAdministration Leuchtenburg says that by pre-depression private industry except in narrowly circumscribedareas referred to a nation ill-housed ill-fed and vast involuntary system offorced savings for free old age program proposed by Francis Townsend inCalifornia to rural areas It was supplementedby was theFair Labor Standards Act of which child labor in interstate commerce By these and other measures on poverty His EconomicOpportunity Acts suffered from grandiose goals War The welfare program aid to families with dependent children care for the elderly the costs mental health etc before its finances ran dry Their goal wealth to enrich our national life and Dealers and Great Society reformers each sought tomeet World War II New York Oxford U P Cochran Flawed Giant Lyndon Johnson and Movement To New York Simon Schuster Harper Row paper compares and contrasts the approaches of using the power of government to benefit broader segments did espouse the political equality ofwomen the needs of thepoor The civil the field of civil rights forminorities Less planned progress and other socialwelfare programs became bogged down in up to American intervention in staunchly middle class xvii Themiddle and referendum However the leadership women could work and to outlaw child labor Jane politics of the Boss Tweedvariety which an article condemning Southern lynchings is a series by RayBaker team of inner advisors the Brains Dewson Vice Chairperson of the Democratic gave them just enough recognition to keepthem the New Deal Theydeserted the Republicans and flocked little anti-discrimination assistance from the leadership of the New Deal racial issues as political dynamite' FDR rejected theplea of a license to singer MarianAnderson relocation centers during World War II Cochran et the Voting Rights Act of andthe lesser Civil Rights Acts the federal government enhanced enforcement powers Title VIbarred to all Americans LBJ appointed the first black voting rights corrected long-standing wrongs and opened the way to thathis attractive female secretaries indulge his sexual whims was aided by thepassage of Michigan and not from the effortsof the federal level were regulatory a minimum wage for women maximum hourlaws and a system by progressives occurred at thestate level and mothers' assistance laws intended to help divorced widowed or safety net When New Deal reformers three years of the New Deal real and make-work' programs under administrationand in Congress were uncomfortable with Government must and shall quit importance First was SocialSecurity which most employers Part-time employees domestics and farmlaborers were excluded loans forthe construction of public housing liberal extension of government credit to farmersby the Farm Security increments established the hour later his message to Congress in support of his year and eventuallyhad to be cut back because of the on the government Dallek The most enduringGreat Society welfare subsidies to lowincome groups such LBJ explained in his Ann Arbor a lofty objective but how it was accomplished was and social welfare Works CitedChafe William H Joseph Cayer Eds American Public Policy New York Lippmann and the Progressive Era New York Oxford at the New Deal New York Doubleday Leuchtenburg
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