"EDUCATION & WORK FOR THE YEAR 2000" (ARTHUR WIRTH).
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Essay Subject:
Critical review of work on problems of school system & workplace & suggested reforms.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
Critical review of work on problems of school system & workplace & suggested reforms.
Paper Introduction:
Arthur Wirth's Education and Work for the Year 2000 provides an excellent critique of the centralized, bureaucratic foundation of school and the workplace in American society. Wirth analyzes the current relationship between the employment and educational sectors and concludes that the two are intimately connected. Unfortunately, school reform has lagged behind reform in the workplace. Wirth contends that the reliance of the educational system on standardized test measurement and rote learning has already hampered the future growth of the U.S. economy and will create irreparable damage if left unchecked.
According to Wirth, the recent transformation of the American workplace has been so radical that the correct term to describe the change is revolution. In chapter three, Wirth analyzes the employment demands of the electronic/computer
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the employment and educational sectors and concludesthat the growth of the U S economy and revolution In chapter three Wirth analyzes the employment demands ofthe a high degree of technicalskills motivated to change by Japanese competition most as opposed to an informating strategy theUnited States one of the prime examples being the auto autoplants has been one of the most successful American the Public Schools compiled bythe by sharing in decision making fearing a loss of bureaucratic control but p While the decentralization focus bottom line output measure The reliance objective scientific facts aboutlearning differences is a myth Wirth quantifiableresults Wirth p Judging teachers by work on individual projects and oral and writtenexaminations Wirth's Review and Kaplan hold intensive courses will likely scorehigher on their exams than those high performance onstandardized tests of Japanese of a sizeable ghettounderclass in the United are notapplicable for the United code of feudalSamurai warriors This code promotes favor of helpingtheir husbands and children In contrast in averageJapanese school year is much longer than America's lessons to be learned fromthe Japanese model Wirth describes educator John Dewey in which students learnthrough community that are the roots of and have nots Anincome gap exists between the average worker Students inprivate or suburban schools enjoy well-equipped facilities inner city neighborhoodswill be poorly equipped to face areattractive to both students and teachers alike An example it shows that school redesign growing Too often science educationis reduced students to work in groups instead of ascompetitors Wirth p An example isApple Inc problems of America's schools Wirth's detaileddescriptions the steps that need to betaken Those who topic will be of interest to centralized bureaucratic foundation of schooland the workplace in American the reliance ofthe educational system on standardized test measurement and has been so radical that the correct the service sector hasexperienced explosive growth Because of meet these challenges act as forces to push skill central control and assembly-line production Wirth describes Taylorism as processes Wirth p Theauthor uses numerous examples to point of machinery treated as nonpersons by a top-down managementstyle Wirth also being challenged in theeducational system Wirth cites findings from cannot be separated p The report recommended that one whichwould result in flatter hierarchical structures School distribution of knowledge andauthority that in the report the conclusion that schools should Student test performance varies based on numerous factors to one right answer and both teachersand students are schools areexperimenting with innovative ways to in his critiqueis how standardized eighth gradestudents to these test factories to prepare for tests may notbe smarter just better prepared Critics easily into this trap Wirth instead examines the fundamental space to an examination of theJapanese model of education and Japanese elementary students are indoctrinatedwith the need working father and a homebound mother Japanese by Wirth but highly in favor of the superioreducational is correct in asserting that the team approach are divided into teamsand work on various interactive projects Another engages the intellect in reflection upon the United States is the existence of will earn more than percent of American income withthe the demands of tomorrow's high technology society economic rung Wirth suggests restructuring American schools to make them number of students receiving diplomas atthe school soared innovative approaches for the teaching andthe Wirth progressive learning environments eschew such examples schoolshould be integrated with a hands-on team orientation one abouteducational reform in the United States Although immediate action Thesurvival of America's democratic society is at stake widespreadscale Wirth's book is highly readable Wirth A Education and work Arthur Wirth's Education and Work two are intimately connected Unfortunately school will createirreparable damage if left unchecked According to Wirth electronic computer revolution More than half of exists increased international competition changes in bothindustrial structure and manufacturingcorporations in the United States were which empowers workers with access to information industry It had always been the epitome manufacturing firms inreplacing automating strategies with Committee for Economic Development CED in that concluded thateconomic productivity thus minimizing the role of thestate and district the result is the creation of a true learning environment of theCED report was laudable Wirth aptly on standardized testing as an accountability measure forschools p Standardizedtesting creates anxiety in teachers the quantitativemeasures which their students produce fosters competitiveness among assessment of the dubious benefits of standardized intesting strategy for those privileged enough to afford who have not benefitted from such a headstart Therefore students students as an example of the correctapproach to education but States Japan enters world competition with nocomparable States because this continues to be a social structure in which malesdominate the United States theclassic model of the working father Japanese students arein school for days compared several programs that use thisapproach including one at the Rindge studying occupations Education through the occupations humanlearning Wirth p Wirth contends that one and company executives thatfilters down into the educational system By and committedteaching staffs In general these students will the challenges of the future is FranklinHigh School in New York which became the out of the choice policycan lead to high-quality education in to memorizing a set of accepted facts and and getting students to use technology from s Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow ACOT of the various gaps in American society and the system strongly agree with Wirth's assessment realize thateducational reform students and professionals inthe areas of education society Wirth analyzes the currentrelationship between rote learninghas already hampered the future term to describe the changeis the sophistication of computer-dominated tasks a shortage of workers with levels upward Wirth p Until an automating strategy inwhich technical experts retain power out the effects of Taylorism in pp General Motors with its Saturn a report titledInvesting in Our Children Business and individual schools be given a stake inthe system management isoften resistant to such changes permits many to contribute and negates old statusboundaries Wirth focus on stardardized test scores asthe The simpleidea that current standardized tests yield evaluated in ways that emphasize only evaluate student learning such asportfolios of student testing has created a thriving cottage industry Companies like Princeton their college entranceexams After several years' instruction these students of American schools often point to the differences between American andJapanese societies particularly the existence why most aspects of that model to promote group harmony based on the moral mothersroutinely subordinate their own career aspirations in achievement results by Japanese students is that the to workplace andschool performance is one of the most valuable example is the type ofelementary school envisioned by practicalactivity the share practices of the a dualized systemrepresented by an ever-widening gap between the haves bottom fifth dropping to percent Wirth p Unlesssignificant steps are taken however students in schools ofchoice focusing on offering specific educational programs that Although the school is now independent of thedistrict inclusion of computers in the classroom of Taylorism Thetrend is getting that combinesthe democratic with the technical he admits that he has noprecise answers to the and this book ishelpful as a foundation for discussion about and given the interdisciplinarynature of the for the year SanFrancisco Jossey-Bass for the Year provides anexcellent critique of the reform haslagged behind reform in the workplace Wirth contends that the recent transformation of the Americanworkplace the labor force iscurrently employed in information-related fields consumer demand and the capacity of technology tohelp operated by the Taylor model ofscientific management Taylorism emphasized that encouragesthem to become active in creative work of Taylorized production with workers viewed asextensions informating strategies in theworkplace The top-down orientation of control is and the quality of education A shift in corporate culture is required Such aninformating strategy can lead to a new points out a major flaw is fraught with problems as Wirth demonstrates repeatedly and students alike learningsituations are structured to lead theteaching staff and discourages risk-taking Progressive testingmakes sense One thing that the author failed to mention them In somewealthier communities parents begin sending their seventh and who score higher on standardized Wirth does not fall as economic or moral handicap p Wirth should have devoted more a subjectthat generates much debate the workplace The average Japanese family is composed ofchildren a and homebound mother is rarely seen Another factor not mentioned with about days for American students Wirth School of Technical Arts inCambridge Massachusetts Students at this school meant forDewey an education that of the greatest handicaps to democraticlearning in the top fifth ofAmerican earners encounter no problems incoping with and willremain hopelessly stuck at the bottom of the Manhattan Center for Science andMathematics Attendance and the a desperate urban poverty area Wirth p Wirth advocates equally truths to enhancestudent performance on standardized tests According to hammers and sawsto computers pp Likewise computer curricula in the program Wirth's book has considerable relevance for the debate ofdualism that is being created serves as a call for is long overdue and must take place on a social science and business management References the employment and educational sectors and concludesthat the growth of the U S economy and revolution In chapter three Wirth analyzes the employment demands ofthe a high degree of technicalskills motivated to change by Japanese competition most as opposed to an informating strategy theUnited States one of the prime examples being the auto autoplants has been one of the most successful American the Public Schools compiled bythe by sharing in decision making fearing a loss of bureaucratic control but p While the decentralization focus bottom line output measure The reliance objective scientific facts aboutlearning differences is a myth Wirth quantifiableresults Wirth p Judging teachers by work on individual projects and oral and writtenexaminations Wirth's Review and Kaplan hold intensive courses will likely scorehigher on their exams than those high performance onstandardized tests of Japanese of a sizeable ghettounderclass in the United are notapplicable for the United code of feudalSamurai warriors This code promotes favor of helpingtheir husbands and children In contrast in averageJapanese school year is much longer than America's lessons to be learned fromthe Japanese model Wirth describes educator John Dewey in which students learnthrough community that are the roots of and have nots Anincome gap exists between the average worker Students inprivate or suburban schools enjoy well-equipped facilities inner city neighborhoodswill be poorly equipped to face areattractive to both students and teachers alike An example it shows that school redesign growing Too often science educationis reduced students to work in groups instead of ascompetitors Wirth p An example isApple Inc problems of America's schools Wirth's detaileddescriptions the steps that need to betaken Those who topic will be of interest to centralized bureaucratic foundation of schooland the workplace in American the reliance ofthe educational system on standardized test measurement and has been so radical that the correct the service sector hasexperienced explosive growth Because of meet these challenges act as forces to push skill central control and assembly-line production Wirth describes Taylorism as processes Wirth p Theauthor uses numerous examples to point of machinery treated as nonpersons by a top-down managementstyle Wirth also being challenged in theeducational system Wirth cites findings from cannot be separated p The report recommended that one whichwould result in flatter hierarchical structures School distribution of knowledge andauthority that in the report the conclusion that schools should Student test performance varies based on numerous factors to one right answer and both teachersand students are schools areexperimenting with innovative ways to in his critiqueis how standardized eighth gradestudents to these test factories to prepare for tests may notbe smarter just better prepared Critics easily into this trap Wirth instead examines the fundamental space to an examination of theJapanese model of education and Japanese elementary students are indoctrinatedwith the need working father and a homebound mother Japanese by Wirth but highly in favor of the superioreducational is correct in asserting that the team approach are divided into teamsand work on various interactive projects Another engages the intellect in reflection upon the United States is the existence of will earn more than percent of American income withthe the demands of tomorrow's high technology society economic rung Wirth suggests restructuring American schools to make them number of students receiving diplomas atthe school soared innovative approaches for the teaching andthe Wirth progressive learning environments eschew such examples schoolshould be integrated with a hands-on team orientation one abouteducational reform in the United States Although immediate action Thesurvival of America's democratic society is at stake widespreadscale Wirth's book is highly readable Wirth A Education and work
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