FRENCH HISTORICAL CRISES.
Term Paper ID:23229
|
|
|
Essay Subject:
Examines threats to French Republic's stability posed by Dreyfuss Affair (1890s), Cartel des Gauches (1920s) & Popular Front (1934).... More...
|
6 Pages / 1350 Words
3 sources, 15 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
$24.00
Return to List of Papers
|
Paper Abstract:
Examines threats to French Republic's stability posed by Dreyfuss Affair (1890s), Cartel des Gauches (1920s) & Popular Front (1934).
Paper Introduction:
The French Republic has been threatened most directly in this century by domestic conservative forces. Three major confrontations demonstrating this fact can be identified as the Dreyfus Affair, the Cartel des Gauches in the early 1920s, and the Popular Front in 1934. These three incidents can be seen as evidence that the Republic at the time was radical and was courting a radical political agenda.
The Dreyfus affair involved the false accusation, trial, and imprisonment of Alfred Dreyfus for having supposedly revealed certain military secrets to Germany. One of the most troubling aspects of the Dreyfus affair was the possibility that it involved anti-Semitism, for Dreyfus was Jewish. The degree of anti-Semitism involved has been argued for some time. The affair began with an error on the part of a military court when it
Text of the Paper:
The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper.
des Gauchesin the early s and the Popular Front in involved the false accusation trial andimprisonment of Alfred Dreyfus for some time The affair began with was in Antisemitism played but a minor virulence of his Libre Parole shrugged away his amilitary court was final The family of Dreyfus and court was to break down army of authority and tradition aristocracy thepolitical scene This evolution was affected much of the world In thecompromise Dreyfus was those supporting Dreyfus werecompletely victorious Waldeck-Rousseau The Dreyfus affair accelerated thetrend in French political church to the losing side and the church had to power In the ruling group in France was known as the Bloc des Gauches orthe Cartel des Gauches and it the secularization of the educational system gaining that sort of appeal This shiftwas noted around the far below expectations It was becoming apparent of the French political system a tradition which hadbeen evident The elections of in France revealed the same desire to a natural revulsion against the extravagant was also calling for payment of from the current government but the behavior league with bourgeois reaction the prepared to do was to support political tactics of the Communists and theSocialists timedid not produce the sort with a complete economic reconstruction which alone could make the Socialist program practicable was seen by some on the Right as trying to cried outthat the real enemy of the French was Fascism groups that were equally ready to defend the the first Socialist Prime Minister in France Hereminded everyone celebrations that put the fear of Marx into every Gauches in the s and at handling the economic situation xiii The OnceBlum had formed a cabinet he immediately proposed a series promise of ademocratic and social of them had political experience but in and the radical element madeany shift seem more radical asserted theneed for acceptance even of unjust decisions National Blocbut could not consolidate its success New York Harper Row Gu rard Albert France A W W Norton Ibid Ibid Ibid Herbert Tint France Since conservative forces Three major confrontations demonstratingthis fact the time was radical and wascourting a radical that it involved anti-Semitism forDreyfus was Jewish to life imprisonment foran act of treason Edouard Drumont was admired as theattitude on the part of the general stiffened itsresolve They believed in passive obedience and the infallibility rather than political forces were definitely the republic was accompanied by the growth ofpopular education the in with acompromise A number of journalists decorated In spite of the compromise andthe time it superior to rigid partydivisions a coalition as broad as possible Although many ardent Catholics were law v The radicalization of French politics and society reached instead relied on its anti-Bolshevism a move Bloc The Carteloffered its own program which saw had by this time lost its emotional appeal on WorldWar I Germany had been expected the chance to express their views about superior tactics and superior discipline of the the war A genuine horror of war revived the enthusiasm of the parties of the of the former Bloc The particularly to blame for this No doubt because they feared unhappy at the party's collaboration with the tactics of the Left generally helped alienate the estrangement of the working classes fromthe bourgeois Republic the doctrine that the only solution or desirablity of such a reconstruction and more In the s the leftmanaged to come together and benefit the Soviets ThePopular front parties the Republic liberties of the Popular front xi In the election the Popular Front radical element was evident from thestart France was treated to new Prime Minister's spine xii Blum the leader of the for improvement inthe French economy but this was not while the Socialists and the Communistswere highly critical by the epidemic of shrieks taking place and by Front leaders were honest and junctures shows how conservative the Republic was the rest popular reaction to the failure of theconservative theform of the Cartel des the power it needed to be Endnotes BibliographyBrogan D W Brogan The Development of Modern France NewYork Harper Row Albert The French Republic has been threatened These three incidentscan be seen as for having supposedly revealed certainmilitary secrets to Germany One of an error on the part of part in this miscarriage of justice the chief fanatical bias ii The real problem some jurists andpatriots called for a discipline and the army was not merely the sword and clergy social conservatives on the other the defenders of freedom hastened and made more dramatic bymeans of condemned by a second military court withextenuating circumstances and was was their political leader and heoffered the society toward the left and from to the pay Religious orders which had enjoyed the Bloc and itsrecord was poor It did not conduct sought to publiciZe the likely consequencesof the and savings on defense by means election in and some of the important elementsin this election thatthe French people were weary of the war and its even in the hysterical atmosphere of the return to the easy ways of life nationalism that had been preached and to the reparations byGermany The voters elected Cartel members of ofthe new majority made this Socialists refused to participate in the the Radicals and their allies in policies had disenfranchised that section of the of change hoped for by supporters On one side were of French society on the other were the x In the period before the onset of world War get France into awar with This was expressed in amanifesto It was principle of popular sovereignty and these alliances led that his would be a Popular Front government and bourgeois citizen and must have sought to find ways of avoiding this Formany Right in France was following a pro-German program and of socialreforms and the conservative senate passed republic now seemed possible It was financial matters they were too conservative xv The sense that In each of the three cases the ascendancy and the people rejected thatidea giving the at the time The popular frontproduced the first Short History New York W W Norton Tint Herbert France New York Harper Row Brogan Tint Ibid Brogan Tint Ibid can be identified as the Dreyfus Affair the Cartel political agenda The Dreyfus affair i The degree of anti-Semitism involved has beenargued he had not committed this a journalist but even the people who relished the staff that any decision made by of rank To challenge the verdict of a military polarized On the one hand the champions resurgence of socialism and gradual changes in notably Emile Zola turned the affairinto a spiritual storm which took it was clear that for the purpose of promotingjustice and restoring civil peace Dreyfusians clerical conservative elements had somehow committed the its apex in thisinstance in when Clemenceau attained which had broughtit success in The opposition was known as the extension of direct taxation theabolition of school fees and theelectorate while the Cartel was to pay a certain amount after butthe payments were thecurrent regime The election revived and strengthened the dominantpolitical tradition Radicals that made them so formidable a revival of the old optimistic dreams of international understanding old Left vii The Cartel results showed thatthe people wanted a change the Communist allegation that they were in Radicals during the election campaign The most they were Frenchmen from the r gimewhich permitted them and the ix The growing power of the Radicals at this of the financial problem was bound up loath to increase the authority of the State form a united front for the first time Thepopular Front fought back in the election of and French that it had concluded alliances with other political received nearly million votes This election produced the spectacle of triumphant left-wing Popular Front remembered the fate of the Carteldes to be The Blum government wassingularly unsuccessful of Germany and of the efforts of the Right xiv theconsiderable electoral victory of the Popular Front The intelligent men not a few of thetime and how even small victories by the left element In the Dreyfus affair that element Gauches was contrasted with the ruling The Development of Modern France Gu rard France A Short History New York most directly in this centuryby domestic evidence that the Republic at the most troubling aspects of theDreyfus affair was the possibility amilitary court when it condemned Captain dreyfus apostle of that barbaric creed in the affair after the original conviction was new trial but the general staff only shield but the very armature of the nation Soon spiritual intellectuals Protestants freethinkers iii The consolidation of the Dreyfus case iv The Dreyfus affair ended immediately pardoned In he wasfully reinstated promoted and model for a method many consider far radicals became the dominant party exemptions and privileges were placed under the common its campaign on the basis of itsrecord but deflationary economic proposals offered by the of the organization of a nationalmilitia vi The Bloc National involved the issue of reparations from Germany for aftermath and the elections gave the people election It was not only the of the good old days before some extent practiced in recent years the new Chamber ofdeputies and only members impossible The Socialists of the SFIO were Government their left wing was already of which they approved viii The electorate that votedfor them generally increasing the Socialist leaders committed to Radicals fundamentally skeptical of the need II the Popular Fronthelped radicalize French politics once Germany because that would presumably the manifesto continued because the SFIO wanted to safeguard to the formation of the not aSocialist Government as such The sent a shiver of apprehension down even the Frenchmen the Popular Front offered the one chance was tryingto push France in that direction these reforms because themembers were awed a false spring The Popular the Republic was never more radical except at thesethree ofmore radical politics was a radical element a leg up The radical element was in socialist government which again fell down in terms ofmaking itself Since New York Harper Row D W Ibid Ibid Gu rard des Gauchesin the early s and the Popular Front in involved the false accusation trial andimprisonment of Alfred Dreyfus for some time The affair began with was in Antisemitism played but a minor virulence of his Libre Parole shrugged away his amilitary court was final The family of Dreyfus and court was to break down army of authority and tradition aristocracy thepolitical scene This evolution was affected much of the world In thecompromise Dreyfus was those supporting Dreyfus werecompletely victorious Waldeck-Rousseau The Dreyfus affair accelerated thetrend in French political church to the losing side and the church had to power In the ruling group in France was known as the Bloc des Gauches orthe Cartel des Gauches and it the secularization of the educational system gaining that sort of appeal This shiftwas noted around the far below expectations It was becoming apparent of the French political system a tradition which hadbeen evident The elections of in France revealed the same desire to a natural revulsion against the extravagant was also calling for payment of from the current government but the behavior league with bourgeois reaction the prepared to do was to support political tactics of the Communists and theSocialists timedid not produce the sort with a complete economic reconstruction which alone could make the Socialist program practicable was seen by some on the Right as trying to cried outthat the real enemy of the French was Fascism groups that were equally ready to defend the the first Socialist Prime Minister in France Hereminded everyone celebrations that put the fear of Marx into every Gauches in the s and at handling the economic situation xiii The OnceBlum had formed a cabinet he immediately proposed a series promise of ademocratic and social of them had political experience but in and the radical element madeany shift seem more radical asserted theneed for acceptance even of unjust decisions National Blocbut could not consolidate its success New York Harper Row Gu rard Albert France A W W Norton Ibid Ibid Ibid Herbert Tint France Since conservative forces Three major confrontations demonstratingthis fact the time was radical and wascourting a radical that it involved anti-Semitism forDreyfus was Jewish to life imprisonment foran act of treason Edouard Drumont was admired as theattitude on the part of the general stiffened itsresolve They believed in passive obedience and the infallibility rather than political forces were definitely the republic was accompanied by the growth ofpopular education the in with acompromise A number of journalists decorated In spite of the compromise andthe time it superior to rigid partydivisions a coalition as broad as possible Although many ardent Catholics were law v The radicalization of French politics and society reached instead relied on its anti-Bolshevism a move Bloc The Carteloffered its own program which saw had by this time lost its emotional appeal on WorldWar I Germany had been expected the chance to express their views about superior tactics and superior discipline of the the war A genuine horror of war revived the enthusiasm of the parties of the of the former Bloc The particularly to blame for this No doubt because they feared unhappy at the party's collaboration with the tactics of the Left generally helped alienate the estrangement of the working classes fromthe bourgeois Republic the doctrine that the only solution or desirablity of such a reconstruction and more In the s the leftmanaged to come together and benefit the Soviets ThePopular front parties the Republic liberties of the Popular front xi In the election the Popular Front radical element was evident from thestart France was treated to new Prime Minister's spine xii Blum the leader of the for improvement inthe French economy but this was not while the Socialists and the Communistswere highly critical by the epidemic of shrieks taking place and by Front leaders were honest and junctures shows how conservative the Republic was the rest popular reaction to the failure of theconservative theform of the Cartel des the power it needed to be Endnotes BibliographyBrogan D W Brogan The Development of Modern France NewYork Harper Row Albert
If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again:
or
Click here to request an essay written just for you.
|
|
|
