WEST HOLLYWOOD.
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Essay Subject:
How & why it became a city. Gay & senior activists, rent control, growth, influences.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
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Paper Abstract:
How & why it became a city. Gay & senior activists, rent control, growth, influences.
Paper Introduction:
West Hollywood: Finally Finding the Right Fit
Background
The driving forces behind West Hollywood's incorporation in 1984 have a lot to do with the changing face of West Hollywood during the decade prior. This little 1.9 mile square island runs along the Santa Monica Boulevard and includes parts of the Sunset Strip, and down to Beverly Boulevard in the south. As the gay movement in the United States gathered momentum, gay men and women found refuge in West Hollywood's bohemian attitudes. By the early 1980s, West Hollywood boasted one of the largest percentages of single men over 14, nearly 40% of its 17,000 men. In general, the small community experienced dramatic growth of 18 percent from 30,000 to 36,000 from 1970 to 1980. Santa Monica
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little mile square island runs along the Santa bohemianattitudes By the early s to from to Santa Monica had jurisdiction over WestHollywood The County provided municipal defeated in a County election popular with gays and most Hollywood where renters made up of new city that recognized the diversity ofWest Hollywood's new community of surplus revenueper year Skeptics felt otherwise Opponents the already densely populated area They questioned whether thebusinesses and activists for rent control was residents The natural opposition group to supporter estimates of the income growth fromtaxes Steps of the Los Angeles Board of Supervisors the Local by LAFCO Upon acceptance of the proposal LAFCO the Government Code determines the LAFCO's action set a time and the Board Not more than voters or order incorporation subject to confirmation the voters determines if the proposal is accepted effective on the date that the Executive city boundaries This was morethan the of its feasibility study As part million the largest chunk being million West Hollywood on the grounds that people defended the incorporation plan on the grounds better land use planning and enforcement of concern about increasesin property taxes if incorporation was that West Hollywood'sadvocates were out to harass and intimidate the questionof incorporating West Hollywood put off However they could the issue splitting in favor As stated earlier Politically there was also a strong possibility thata opposed to city incorporation and rent control voters to rejectit while endorsing a slate making it the th city to in determining the electioncan be seen by the first council's Schulte a longtime gay activist Terrigno who was to first meeting of the new council council The first West Hollywood City Manager was named law enforcement to the Sheriff's Department In the yearssince acts also placed a moratorium on new development sparkingapprehension is responsible forpromoting the city's avant-garde sales tax revenues have jumpedfrom under Hall housed in stylish but modest facilities located onSanta Monica definitely achieved all and more of what the West Hollywood Residents Approve Cityhood Los Angeles LAFCO Feasibility Session Minutes LAFCO Los Angeles or Renters Los Angeles Times Office West Hollywood Community Economic Profile Vote on Cityhood for W Hollywood Los Angeles Times April for Gays or Renters Los AngelesTimes IV do with the changing face of West As the gay movement in the United States gatheredmomentum gay men Ingeneral the small community experienced wealthier gay activistswondered about their influence as a group in attempted earlier in and both measures a traditional liberal Democrat who represents the which would have extendeda countywide rent control law rent controls being heard Taking rent control as their calling that WestHollywood could thrive as a self-governing independent quickly There were alsohints that businessman and landlords was repeatedly rebuffed byconservative supervisors in attempts to beadversely affected by the repeal opposition came fromthe West Hollywood Study or more of the registered voters served by the economic impacts and mapping out transfer either approving the proposal with or without modification or denying Upon approval by the Commission the take place not less than nor more proceedings if written protest is regular election date occurring at least days after adoption of of incorporation and transmits a certified copy West Hollywoodadvocates first raised official the signatures wereconfirmed and accepted by revenues of million frombusiness sales million would be earmarked for WestHollywood upon successful incorporation sufficient level ofservice Public hearings on the LAFCO study including transportation and beautification improve the overall quality of more time on countywide issues At grounds of inadequate environmental impact Irv thefeasibility study to the Board of Supervisors On but cityhoodcritics mounted a petition drive to prevent went ahead and authorized the receiving the five highest vote largely gay support group Nearly half ofthe Los Angeles and Howard Berman ofStudio City opposed thenegative campaigning of landlords backfired especially with seniorrenters On November elected andone of its youngest Valerie Terrigno AlanViterbi John Heilman and Helen traditional structure of the city can be described an appointed City Manager actuallyruns the bureaucracy They and position papersregarding policy items West Hollywood in June one of thenation's toughest rent control council and business leaders joined together millionannually s budget projects revenues of million to rise From to the a small stipend yet are actively involved in the been able to successfullygrasp the of West Hollywood West Hollywood Demographic Hollywood Los Angeles Times April Commission Los Angeles May West West Hollywood Boyarsky Bill West Hollywood Residents Approve Cityhood The May LAFCO Feasibility Session Minutes LAFCO Los Angeles May Braun West Hollywood Finally Finding the Right Fit Background The driving MonicaBoulevard and includes parts of the Sunset Strip and West Hollywood boasted one of the Boulevard became afocal point for night life services like sanitation roaddevelopment through Caltrans and of course in did anyone do anythingabout it The only other West Hollywood residents When thepopulation residents had voted for the measure In addition they felt that with the strongtax to the plan overall felt that gay activists investment money in presently in the the substantialblock of elderly residents most of whom the incorporation movement came fromlandlords to IncorporationIn order to achieve cityhood the following Agency Formation Commission LAFCO Development and acceptance by the scheduled an open hearing Based on the hearing and findings amount of property tax revenue to be transferred from the place for public hearing which is published days after conclusion of its public hearing the of the voters If an election is called the or terminated If adopted the Board of Supervisors Officer executes and records with the County Recorder a certificate voters required by County Law ofthe study it showed a projected positive forcontracting Sheriff's services for police enforcement thereappears to be more than it would provide government responsible to the zoning codes secure federal grants carried out As mentioned earlier acoalition of homeowners and the largely Jewish seniorpopulation in the area on the ballot The Board had originally mettwo weeks not produce the necessary signaturesof of the registered voters more than candidates registered for electionfor the five new council would hold the nation's first openly-gay poured large sums ofmoney into the race in the final of traditional Democratic candidates in theCongressional win cityhoodin the county It makeup It included four candidatesendorsed be mayor Heilman and Schulte Terrigno waselected acting mayor largely an FrankMartinez The City Manager oversees all departments city services andresponds incorporation has established a consistent track record of liberalstances on that controversy and inexperience would tarnish the businessclimate in reputation and foster economic growth Thefiscal million in to over million annually Boulevard provides warm and friendly service originalproponents of cityhood desired Perhaps because of Times Braun Stephen West Hollywood Will Vote on Incorporation Nov May Morrison Patt Petitions Filed p IV Staff Report Proposed Incorporation of City of West Hollywood WestHollywood Demographic B Staff Report Proposed Incorporation of The City of West Hollywood The Business of Creativity City Hollywood during the decadeprior This men and women found refuge in West Hollywood's dramatic growth of percent from their neighborhood Los Angeles County's Board of Supervisors failed to gather enough signatures not until rent controllaws were area and wholong has been would be relaxed as ofJanuary In West card advocatessaw the opportunity to build a city They estimatedthe area could generate several million dollars worth feared a dramatic rise in gays movinginto extend rent control in WestHollywood Supporting the of rent control Senior citizens made upabout residents of area Committee which opposed the incorporation planbecause of their doubts about proposed area to a special commission of services estimated revenues and costs it The report pursuant to Section b of Board of Supervisors must within days of than days after initiation of proceedings by filed and not withdrawn by or more of the registered the Board's resolution A simple majority of of its resolution to the LAFCO Executive Officer Incorporation becomes signatures from the area's registered voters covered by the proposed the Executive Officer On May LAFCO completed cigarette gasoline and other taxes Expenses wereestimated at about The study concluded byrecommending incorporation of were held May At themeeting municipal services provide greater awareness of local issues guarantee the hearing several homeowners expressed Rubin former head ofthe Jewish Defense League also testified saying August the Board of Supervisors voted to put fixing the election date so thedate was election The Board wasfar from unanimous on counts in the general electionon November candidates running for five council seats were gay Landlords andothers cityhood and sent out mailers urging voters overwhelmingly approved cityhood forWest Hollywood by a to margin City Structure Just how important renter's rights was Albert the only non-endorsed winner wasSteve as a manager-council operation At the are responsible for implementing policies setdown by the chose to contract basic Municipalservicesto the County and laws In addition the Council in one ofits first to create the WestHollywood Marketing Corporation in The group ths of itcoming from the business sector Retail County Assessor recorded a net increase of The City daily operations of the city Overall West Hollywood has economic social and political implications of their actions BibliographyBoyarsky Bill Statistics City of West Hollywood West Hollywood B Roderick Kevin A Victory for Gays Hollywood The Business of Creativity City of West Hollywood Information LosAngeles Times Morrison Patt Petitions Filed for II Ibid II Roderick Kevin A Victory forces behind West Hollywood's incorporation in havea lot to down to BeverlyBoulevard in the south largestpercentages of single men over nearly of its and as the area became security While cityformation in West Hollywood had been political office in the area was held by Supervisor EdEdelman County voters rejected Proposition M by a to ratio Theywere not base of service businesses restaurants and retail shops wereoverreacting and rushing into incorporation too area would stay therefollowing incorporation Edelman were renters who would also businessman and some developers Other steps were followed Submission of signatures representing Executive Officer of LAFCO of a feasibility study covering in the report the Commission must adopt a resolution County to the new city should incorporation be successful and mailed The hearing would Board of Supervisors would either terminate the election shall be held on the next adopts a resolution confirming the order of completion In compliance with the steps of incorporation The signatures wereofficially submitted on April to LAFCO where cash flow of approximately million annually based on estimated LAFCO also earmarkedthat property tax revenues of sufficient revenue to provide a people of West Hollywood provide local services locally available to cities and enable the county stop spend developers protested the commission's report onthe On the basis of testimony LAFCO recommended earlier to set a date for the incorporation vote Only signatures were raised intime and the Board open council slots The slots would be filled by thecandidates voting majority aprospect not unwelcomed by the days Surprisingly traditional liberalState Representatives Henry Waxman of elections Yet proponents of cityhood felt that some of was easily the most liberal city council ever by the Council for Economic Survival all were gay activists making it a gay majority The administrative function who chairs thecouncil meetings In West Hollywood to requests by the council for Staff studies social and community issues As opponents feared the Council passed the new city To avoid polarization with business thenew results have been impressive While original revenue estimates projected about while hotel taxrevenues climbed over Property values have continued to constituentsand visitors alike Council members continue to serve on its small size andidentifiable groups of influence leaders have Los Angeles Times October II Community Economic Profile City for Vote on Cityhood for W the City of West Hollywood Los Angeles Formation Statistics City of West Hollywood West Hollywood Los Angeles Formation Commission Los Angeles of West HollywoodInformation Office West Hollywood Ibid little mile square island runs along the Santa bohemianattitudes By the early s to from to Santa Monica had jurisdiction over WestHollywood The County provided municipal defeated in a County election popular with gays and most Hollywood where renters made up of new city that recognized the diversity ofWest Hollywood's new community of surplus revenueper year Skeptics felt otherwise Opponents the already densely populated area They questioned whether thebusinesses and activists for rent control was residents The natural opposition group to supporter estimates of the income growth fromtaxes Steps of the Los Angeles Board of Supervisors the Local by LAFCO Upon acceptance of the proposal LAFCO the Government Code determines the LAFCO's action set a time and the Board Not more than voters or order incorporation subject to confirmation the voters determines if the proposal is accepted effective on the date that the Executive city boundaries This was morethan the of its feasibility study As part million the largest chunk being million West Hollywood on the grounds that people defended the incorporation plan on the grounds better land use planning and enforcement of concern about increasesin property taxes if incorporation was that West Hollywood'sadvocates were out to harass and intimidate the questionof incorporating West Hollywood put off However they could the issue splitting in favor As stated earlier Politically there was also a strong possibility thata opposed to city incorporation and rent control voters to rejectit while endorsing a slate making it the th city to in determining the electioncan be seen by the first council's Schulte a longtime gay activist Terrigno who was to first meeting of the new council council The first West Hollywood City Manager was named law enforcement to the Sheriff's Department In the yearssince acts also placed a moratorium on new development sparkingapprehension is responsible forpromoting the city's avant-garde sales tax revenues have jumpedfrom under Hall housed in stylish but modest facilities located onSanta Monica definitely achieved all and more of what the West Hollywood Residents Approve Cityhood Los Angeles LAFCO Feasibility Session Minutes LAFCO Los Angeles or Renters Los Angeles Times Office West Hollywood Community Economic Profile Vote on Cityhood for W Hollywood Los Angeles Times April for Gays or Renters Los AngelesTimes IV do with the changing face of West As the gay movement in the United States gatheredmomentum gay men Ingeneral the small community experienced wealthier gay activistswondered about their influence as a group in attempted earlier in and both measures a traditional liberal Democrat who represents the which would have extendeda countywide rent control law rent controls being heard Taking rent control as their calling that WestHollywood could thrive as a self-governing independent quickly There were alsohints that businessman and landlords was repeatedly rebuffed byconservative supervisors in attempts to beadversely affected by the repeal opposition came fromthe West Hollywood Study or more of the registered voters served by the economic impacts and mapping out transfer either approving the proposal with or without modification or denying Upon approval by the Commission the take place not less than nor more proceedings if written protest is regular election date occurring at least days after adoption of of incorporation and transmits a certified copy West Hollywoodadvocates first raised official the signatures wereconfirmed and accepted by revenues of million frombusiness sales million would be earmarked for WestHollywood upon successful incorporation sufficient level ofservice Public hearings on the LAFCO study including transportation and beautification improve the overall quality of more time on countywide issues At grounds of inadequate environmental impact Irv thefeasibility study to the Board of Supervisors On but cityhoodcritics mounted a petition drive to prevent went ahead and authorized the receiving the five highest vote largely gay support group Nearly half ofthe Los Angeles and Howard Berman ofStudio City opposed thenegative campaigning of landlords backfired especially with seniorrenters On November elected andone of its youngest Valerie Terrigno AlanViterbi John Heilman and Helen traditional structure of the city can be described an appointed City Manager actuallyruns the bureaucracy They and position papersregarding policy items West Hollywood in June one of thenation's toughest rent control council and business leaders joined together millionannually s budget projects revenues of million to rise From to the a small stipend yet are actively involved in the been able to successfullygrasp the of West Hollywood West Hollywood Demographic Hollywood Los Angeles Times April Commission Los Angeles May West West Hollywood Boyarsky Bill West Hollywood Residents Approve Cityhood The May LAFCO Feasibility Session Minutes LAFCO Los Angeles May Braun
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