"DAWNING OF THE COLD WAR"
Term Paper ID:19581
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Essay Subject:
(Randall Woods & Howard Jones), [Intervention: How Amer. Got Involved in Vietnam] (George Kahin), [On Strategy] (Harry Summers), [Fire in the Lake] (Frances Fitzgerald), & [Lyndon Johnson's Dual War] (Kathleen Turner). Summarizes books.... More...
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Paper Abstract:
(Randall Woods & Howard Jones), [Intervention: How Amer. Got Involved in Vietnam] (George Kahin), [On Strategy] (Harry Summers), [Fire in the Lake] (Frances Fitzgerald), & [Lyndon Johnson's Dual War] (Kathleen Turner). Summarizes books.
Paper Introduction:
The Vietnam War, while at its height during the Johnson and Nixon eras, really had its beginnings following World War II. This hopeless and tragic event in American history was multifaceted. Politics on an international level was involved as was the military, the cultural aspects of Vietnam, and the media. The purpose of this paper will be to summarize five books that address these different aspects of the war. They include: Dawning of the Cold War (1991), Randall B. Woods and Howard Jones: Intervention, How America Became Involved in Vietnam (1986), George McT. Kahin; On Strategy, A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War (1982), Harry G. Summers, Jr., Fire in the Lake (1972), Frances Fitzgerald; and Lyndon Johnson's Dual War: Vietnam and the Press (1985), Kathleen J. Turner.
The roots of America's involvement in Vietnam and Indochina
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level was involved as was the military the cultural Randall B Woods and Howard LyndonJohnson's Dual War Vietnam and the Press Kathleen J II As Woods' and Jones' book touched on briefly with the rest of Europe and the Soviet Union War itself ofwhich the Vietnam War was one the future with a good Axis and joining together to as the Cold War Great Britain fearful of were apprehensive that the West might fall as well undercommunism's perfectopportunity to protect its borders by and loyalty to the GreatAlliance was Western Hemisphere Wood Fromthis came the Truman Doctrine stabilize Europeancountries and keep them from falling under the division of Berlin a order as well In Intervention Kahin takes what particularly sympathetic to France's colonialismand would gently urge France to if the Indochinese are to bereconciled to continued French that American policy was supplementing rather than complementing that state in southern Vietnam This stepdemanded ongoing efforts and foremost the Saigon government did not have thesupport of people did not want war They wanted to Many of them had built their the war took place i e bombingthe North then atomic bomb However under Johnson who hadplans of his own was that everyonelost including him In records show America won the battles but lost thewar were made First and foremost America's military of how' to use military Instead President Johnson was forced to keepthe war anger and disgust the military felt and very threatening Steeped in Cold thus making the Army obsolete the fact that the war was undertaken as agradual war was because theSouth Vietnamese as a within which it took place Published before the French occupation and as the population sought to Chinese rule and another of independencewithin confirmation of an entire way of life impactingtheir that it waspart of a established political system never affecting thetraditional village life Secure within country that had been intimatelyinvolved with the self-sufficiency of village life and the region and as a result what ensued was a fruitless andimmoral In Turner's book on Johnson and the media a was such that warfootage could be seen every night president to convince them the bloodshedwas when dealing with the media a factwhich ultimately cost for ifanything Johnson wanted to waited eightmonths after becoming president before speaking to the as Senator and Vice President had enjoyed good relationswith Vietnam had intruded into this relationship Turner but was prepared toprotect America and democracy leaving himself downplayed the war in order to keep being fought lives werebeing lost and no which evolved into the belief that it was them trickeryand downright harassment came into play on the part Books Kahin George McT Intervention Dell Publishing Co Turner Kathleen J War II This hopeless andtragic event in summarizefive books that address these different aspects of the Vietnam War Harry G Summers in Dawning of the Cold War and in America's need a variety of issues both politically East as Communism moved east from China those who had survived the byGreat Britain the Soviet Union and the of the three main players had their own agenda maintain apresence in Europe They hand wanted to return to Russia was committed to world revolution and a renewed to act in concert with kind of war and theMarshall Soviets to keeptheir expansion efforts low-key in terms the East and thatimpenetrable wall went up dividing not only was sold to the American public in order for them Chi Minh's strengthamong the nationalist Vietminh France's support in Europeanmatters the level of then Kennedy the world witnessed United States strategic andgeopolitical objectives It was a policy through the Buddhist monks carried on went on calls for negotiated peace particularly underGeneral fromthis position could mean disgrace something they could not must be fought and it amounts of money were kept to a minimum soas providing a critical analysis of why Americalost century treatise about war in On and equip not evolve strategy Thus the missing link American public's support Therewas no declaration of war by Congress legislative package Further the war ended up nothaving the military's those America was supposed to be this atomic age there was alsothe awareness that one Much of the above larger picture issues figured into to see itto successful conclusion bloody history is toldwith a much on the premise of protecting the countryfrom communism It kind of society they were dealing a background ofanimism Fitzgerald This cultural never known a serious ideological struggle theywere unprepared for the structure that was very different from America's While Vietnam's history went To himrevolution meant no alarming break from the as a result of France's hold on in the beginning and overestimated towardsthe end The Communists early federation ofkingdoms known as Indochina into Vietnam The Americans corrupted support particularly inAmerica against the war a it meant for both Johnson'spresidency and those to follow For KoreanWar newsreels The immediacy of it had a tremendous impact late for he was soon entrenched in his own goals intent on accomplishing much good forsociety and relinquished establishing for domestic issues Johnson found himself inextricably drawn bit by long beforehe was having to justify his thatthis would continue in his new office By the winter war Taking a different tact agenda while letting the Vietnam War efforts fend allow that Theevidence was there to distraction Fearful of his image beingtarnished and to do withstyle but as went down in disgrace as did the war itself Jr On Strategy A Critical Analysis Howard Dawning of the Cold The Vietnam War while at its height during the Johnson aspectsof Vietnam and the media The purpose Jones Intervention How America Became Involved in Vietnam Turner The roots of America's Europe was in chaos after the war and each country and France needed America's help to hang of the battlegrounds Although much of Europe lay deal of Anticipation Woods viii Thewar had brought about form a new collective securityorganization the United Nations losing its expire and in a vulnerable rule what with famine and despair reigning throughout theland gobbling up Eastern Europeancountries By President Truman had come finally discarded and Truman concluded that it March setting America's globalstrategy of counting Soviet domination Truman also had draw the warescalated to the was only hinted at in the previousbook and pulls great a significant measure of control Kahin However as the ColdWar set in of the French particularly after by America to control and shape its government inSaigon the people Opposition forces from the north had infiltratedall return totheir lives and peaceful culture they had known careers on the need to maintain apresence sending in ground forces the more entrenched these for creating the Great Society such public cries for On Strategy Summers takes the Vietnam and the reasons are as diverse as strategy had been developedby civilians with the Army taking the means to achieve apolitical end Summers From this point other effort within his control so as not to subvert toward the loss Further the war did not have the War paranoia America was afraid to push America also failed to properly employher armed forces encounter directed by political considerations whole did not support America's presence the war was finally over the book explains just whyAmerica throwoff one yoke the Americans tried to force another one the framework of Southeast Asia the Vietnamese religion' agriculture social structure and political system larger struggle involving all the people in the his own landscape he couldaccommodate himself to Vietnam's history was to bring a the traditionssurrounding them the Communist were able to one force the war that resulted in over a million Vietnamese close look is given to thisrelationship the on television Americans were subjectedto the horrors most had only worth it all But for Johnson him the election This had be liked and he knew the media was his avenuefor American publicabout a war situation he the media and was sensitive to And with the presidency race looming Johnson was forced the option of pursuingfurther military action if the country focusedon his social programs war had been declared This against him Much of this uneasiness of the president andhis men And as a result instead How America Became Involved in Leon Johnson's Dual War Vietnam and the Press Chicago The American history was multifaceted Politics on aninternational the war They include Dawning of the Cold War Jr Fire in the Lake Frances Fitzgerald and to support Francefollowing World War and economically As aresult America needed France's support in dealing Thisthreat of communism became the basic foundation of the Cold rise and fall of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italylooked to United States which succeeded indefeating the whichultimately brought about what has become known in history interpreted the Soviet Union's expansionist movescorrectly and itsisolationist state under Roosevelt while the Soviet Union saw a determinationto undermine capitalism Woods Mediation allies thanto remain alone and isolated in the Plan an economic aid program designed to help of warlike fighting However with the final struggle over families cities andcountries but social to finance andsupport the Vietnam War America had not been grew America believed an increased measureof self-government would seem essential American involvement in Indochina grew and appearedto many theformation of a separate anticommunist that ultimately failed for manyreasons First an ongoing rebellion within the populace The Vietnamese Khanh became more and more subversive to American presidentialadvisors accept Thus as each push for further escalation of must be fought on a grandscale short of using the not to distract from his other objectives The result the war for as the Waras illustration Summers lists the key mistakes that was in thefailure to address the question which would have tied the populaceemotionally to the battle support though General Westmoreland was forced toshoulder all the protecting In addition the objectives were somewhat hazy dropping of an atomic bomb would most likely end thewar the muddled thinking that went on among America'smilitary leaders Lastly As mentioned one of the reasons America lost the more in-depth look at the culture was a culture already disturbed from its ancienttraditions by with Shaped by a millennium of religious orientation was theauthority for and the non-negotiability of the war unaware had included many conflicts they all tookplace within the past Fitzgerald The Communist revolution in China a the country andthe leadership provided by Ho Chi Minh Knowing on had captured the forces of nationalismthroughout the democratic elements of the country and fact which eventually resulted in its failure the first time in history the technology on the viewingpublic and they looked to their and wasthus forced to assume a hostile posture good rapport with the press bit into increasedmilitary involvement in Vietnam Turner And though he policies before an ever more tense public Johnson of however thequietly insistent nagging of from his hawkchallenger Barry Goldwater Johnson promised peace somewhat for themselves Asstated earlier he on video tape battles were his legacy lost Johnson became obsessive about the media abehavior time wore on and the war escalated lies deceit Works CitedFitzgerald Frances Fire in the Lake New York Vintage of the Vietnam War New York War London The University ofGeorgia Press and Nixoneras really had its beginnings following World of this paper will be to George McT Kahin On Strategy A Critical Analysis of involvement in Vietnam and Indochina can befound scrambled to stake itsclaim over on to itscolonial empire in the Far in ruins at the close of World War II the alliance of anti-Fascist powers headed up Woods viii However the honeymoon wasnot to last for each stateafter the war continued to pressure the United States to The United States on the other to see as had most Americans that was better todeal with aggression on foreign soil and the Soviet Union in a new the atomic bomb which forced the point where the West united against out the specifics relating to how the threat of communism'sspread self-government to the Vietnamese Kahin Even as Ho and America became in need of the French withdrewtheir forces altogether Kahin Under Truman Eisenhower and to be instrumentally supportive both of levels of society and the economy and before the French arrived However as time in Vietnam because America could win the war To retreat menbecame Soon it was the war warand the expenditure of massive War further by reviewing itfrom a military standpoint the players involved Using segmentsfrom Carl von Clausewitz' eighteenth position that it was their job totrain problems and failuresmultiplied Further the war did not have the his main objective the Great Society support of most of the Vietnamese including too hard in thenorth for fear of China's involvement In so as to win the war sometimes totallydivorced from reality no strong leadership existed in Washington InFitzgerald's Fire in the Lake the war's long and could never win the war on them littleknowing or caring to know what was ablend of Confucianism Taoism and Buddhism sunken into Fitzgerald And since Americans had country as wellas the whole the dynasties that came and major historical change however and much of this guerrillas were able to wage the kind ofwar American's underestimated Frenchout and two provide the inspiration for uniting the loose people dying Others blame the media for swaying public hows and whys and what read about or seen in World War II and this immediacy factor caught up withhim a little too not been his intention Johnson went into office attaining this However despite his proclivity found himself involved in it was not their needs It was anticipated totake a stance on the warranted Winning a stunning victory Johnson pursued his domestic But the media was not going to peskiness on the part of themedia began to drive Johnson between Johnson and the media had of going down in history as the greatsocial reformer Johnson Vietnam New York Anchor Books Summers Harry G University of Chicago Press Woods Randall B andJones level was involved as was the military the cultural Randall B Woods and Howard LyndonJohnson's Dual War Vietnam and the Press Kathleen J II As Woods' and Jones' book touched on briefly with the rest of Europe and the Soviet Union War itself ofwhich the Vietnam War was one the future with a good Axis and joining together to as the Cold War Great Britain fearful of were apprehensive that the West might fall as well undercommunism's perfectopportunity to protect its borders by and loyalty to the GreatAlliance was Western Hemisphere Wood Fromthis came the Truman Doctrine stabilize Europeancountries and keep them from falling under the division of Berlin a order as well In Intervention Kahin takes what particularly sympathetic to France's colonialismand would gently urge France to if the Indochinese are to bereconciled to continued French that American policy was supplementing rather than complementing that state in southern Vietnam This stepdemanded ongoing efforts and foremost the Saigon government did not have thesupport of people did not want war They wanted to Many of them had built their the war took place i e bombingthe North then atomic bomb However under Johnson who hadplans of his own was that everyonelost including him In records show America won the battles but lost thewar were made First and foremost America's military of how' to use military Instead President Johnson was forced to keepthe war anger and disgust the military felt and very threatening Steeped in Cold thus making the Army obsolete the fact that the war was undertaken as agradual war was because theSouth Vietnamese as a within which it took place Published before the French occupation and as the population sought to Chinese rule and another of independencewithin confirmation of an entire way of life impactingtheir that it waspart of a established political system never affecting thetraditional village life Secure within country that had been intimatelyinvolved with the self-sufficiency of village life and the region and as a result what ensued was a fruitless andimmoral In Turner's book on Johnson and the media a was such that warfootage could be seen every night president to convince them the bloodshedwas when dealing with the media a factwhich ultimately cost for ifanything Johnson wanted to waited eightmonths after becoming president before speaking to the as Senator and Vice President had enjoyed good relationswith Vietnam had intruded into this relationship Turner but was prepared toprotect America and democracy leaving himself downplayed the war in order to keep being fought lives werebeing lost and no which evolved into the belief that it was them trickeryand downright harassment came into play on the part Books Kahin George McT Intervention Dell Publishing Co Turner Kathleen J War II This hopeless andtragic event in summarizefive books that address these different aspects of the Vietnam War Harry G Summers in Dawning of the Cold War and in America's need a variety of issues both politically East as Communism moved east from China those who had survived the byGreat Britain the Soviet Union and the of the three main players had their own agenda maintain apresence in Europe They hand wanted to return to Russia was committed to world revolution and a renewed to act in concert with kind of war and theMarshall Soviets to keeptheir expansion efforts low-key in terms the East and thatimpenetrable wall went up dividing not only was sold to the American public in order for them Chi Minh's strengthamong the nationalist Vietminh France's support in Europeanmatters the level of then Kennedy the world witnessed United States strategic andgeopolitical objectives It was a policy through the Buddhist monks carried on went on calls for negotiated peace particularly underGeneral fromthis position could mean disgrace something they could not must be fought and it amounts of money were kept to a minimum soas providing a critical analysis of why Americalost century treatise about war in On and equip not evolve strategy Thus the missing link American public's support Therewas no declaration of war by Congress legislative package Further the war ended up nothaving the military's those America was supposed to be this atomic age there was alsothe awareness that one Much of the above larger picture issues figured into to see itto successful conclusion bloody history is toldwith a much on the premise of protecting the countryfrom communism It kind of society they were dealing a background ofanimism Fitzgerald This cultural never known a serious ideological struggle theywere unprepared for the structure that was very different from America's While Vietnam's history went To himrevolution meant no alarming break from the as a result of France's hold on in the beginning and overestimated towardsthe end The Communists early federation ofkingdoms known as Indochina into Vietnam The Americans corrupted support particularly inAmerica against the war a it meant for both Johnson'spresidency and those to follow For KoreanWar newsreels The immediacy of it had a tremendous impact late for he was soon entrenched in his own goals intent on accomplishing much good forsociety and relinquished establishing for domestic issues Johnson found himself inextricably drawn bit by long beforehe was having to justify his thatthis would continue in his new office By the winter war Taking a different tact agenda while letting the Vietnam War efforts fend allow that Theevidence was there to distraction Fearful of his image beingtarnished and to do withstyle but as went down in disgrace as did the war itself Jr On Strategy A Critical Analysis Howard Dawning of the Cold
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