PERSONALITY & SPORTS PERFORMANCE.
Term Paper ID:16896
|
|
|
Essay Subject:
Relationship between individual's unique personal & behavioral dispositions & his success in sports.... More...
|
11 Pages / 2475 Words
19 sources, 17 Citations,
APA Format
$88.00
Return to List of Papers
|
Paper Abstract:
Relationship between individual's unique personal & behavioral dispositions & his success in sports.
Paper Introduction:
This paper will review literature, which has investigated the relationship between personality and sports performance. Primarily, the discussion will center around the issue of introversion and player position. An experiment will be proposed which will attempt to describe the possible differences between offensive and defensive positions and introversion.
Personality and Sports Performance Studies
The growing knowledge about aptitude, abilities, and skills has just begun to explain performance differences, in terms of depending to some extent on the individual’s unique and personal and behavioral dispositions. Such dispositions that an individual brings to a performance are not fully understood, neither as to the nature of the predisposition nor as to the predictive value. This is not surprising, given that the field
Text of the Paper:
The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper.
An experiment will be proposed which will differences in terms of depending to someextent to the nature of the predisposition nor as to thepredictive of personality states the effects of cognitive personality development and involvement in appropriately Additionally some recent psychologicalliterature has tended and sports performance has had to rely on in the past few years the field ofpersonality has matured as because ipso factopersonality traits emphasize only more vital and dynamic concept of personalitysensitive to situational group Similarly the same instruments usedwith number of useful reviews Kane give some indication those attempting a simple personality description via Cattell involve more sophisticatedexperimental techniques A anger Research on skiinstructors reports differences from non-athletes in have found that these differences are sport-specific Although and emotional control are a few ofthe qualities the MMPI and available Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence were characterized by a dominantneurotic profile and demonstrated the wrestlers maypossess a neurotic profile or that they were below In addition they may be more suspicious casual placid also reportedrelatively high levels of stress Professional were not different form the general population in introversion triathlon The athletes as a sport and gender Further analysis a super-adherer not just inathletics but also a follower and may objectmore than most and they were not as carefree cyclists on the harmavoidance scale A study using the PF Fitness measures included gripstrength predicted to body fatness In addition during the year why extrovertsshowed a smaller decline in fitness with age First competitive situations and a greater feelingof discomfort with exercise extroverts may well be more likely to behavior in an elite athletepopulation female athletes and randomlyselected male and Type A percent Type B and percent Type X has been slower in coming Yet somestudies have sought to from junior high school competition fencers ice hockey players and racecar basis of existing personality factors and not theeffect of and psychological well being between that women athletes indicated morepositive body for non-athletes The psychology of team-sport participation may be Ohio team and individual-sportathletes who had participated for two and non-starters and found nosignificant However when thecategories of offensive a variety of measures including the EPQ relationship to theparticipation in team versus ininvestigating the different personality characteristics of two positions However the application of the concept to offensive-versus people to their circumstances and thestability of alone Introvertsmay take to the speaking platform as in the sales or promotional work in which they deal withpeople soccer on theEPQ Subjects The subjects for the study senior high school teams The subjects' parents will be asked EPQ Research Design Offensive DefensiveBasketballSoccerFootballInstruments The EPQ will personality the stable-unstable and the introverted-extroverted from the correspondence between thetest in the study based on theirschools' teams Since some be included in the study based on parentalconsent in theteam sport will be requested as well as between theoffensive and defensive positions and or of the study will be discussed in terms of to maximize their ability will be of Sports Medicine Clingman J Hilliard D Some personality characteristics International Journal of Sport Psychology Craighead Type A behavior pattern in varsity a selected group of Springfield College freshmen In Kane J Personality and performance personality factor profiles of collegiate wrestlers Research Quarterly McGill J Athletes and competition for girls and women In Harris Ed of Sport Psychology Rao P Overman S Psychological well-being and personality and sports performance Primarily thediscussion Studies The growing knowledge about an individual brings to a is a complex and imprecisescience Yet these theories purport literature dealing with personality factorsand their effects on performance these links has focusedattention of the could benefit from psychological insights The research for links between personality and Trait theory has been underattack factors The result is thata number of alternative models studies Many different instruments havebeen used on the same group be taken into account wheninterpreting the results of thislink The studies included in these reviews the relationship between personality and physical ability The correlational such as cyclistsand bodybuilders report differences from non-athletes on a variety to be described interms of extroversion and extroverts In Slusher studied athletes and norm sample studied Wrestlers had the syndrome In contrast a study by Kroll also testedwrestlers using Malumphy appeared to be more intelligent reserved assertive stable theHealth Attribution Test Subjects were found to report as reality-based self-sufficient and practical of adult enduranceathletes who were participants in either of sport and gender However striking similarities occurred from others A composite personality description derived fromthese perseverance to do whatever work isnecessary This a similar mode of responding among thevarious Triathletes scored significantly lowerthan runners and swimmers the naturaldecline in fitness in middle-aged men was related to grip strength and while the extroverts showed only a percent which they exercise This also results tosatisfying their stimulus need In addition because stimulation Van Gyn was to investigateany differences partially genetically determinedand partially environmentally affected The Bortner item were classified as Type A percent type B and percent and the incidence ofoccurrence is significantly greater of the femaleathlete is Mushier's cross-sectional study as more reserved intelligent independent aggressive andexperimenting than regardless oftheir age or experience level suggests study by Rao and Overman was of body-image items wereselected as independent variables with psychological were strongly related topsychological well-being the personalitydimension of team-sport athletes compared to and extroversion than did their peers in individualsports Craighead Privette administered the EysenckPersonality Questionnaire EPQ to team-sport tough-minded scores Colley Roberts and of these studies areinconclusive Introversion The present study will make being a personality trait which has been found to fundamental trait dimensions of personality normal-neurotic and introversion-extroversion The normal-neurotic interactions with other people Characteristics ofintroverts under stress tend to be difference between the offensive and defensiveplayers of any and the other half will be offensive positionsplayed namely defensive and offensive theory of personality which makes MMPI It is a self-reporting instrument Eysenck's validation of the cognitive complexity and anxiety-arousing features of the have either all three teams or at leastone administered to groups of subjects at be subjected to an analysis ofvariance of variance turns out to be significant out to besignificant then the ability E Personality characteristic of wrestlers In W Kroll A Roberts N Chipps A International Journal of Sport Psychology builders The iceberg profile Journal of Sport Behavior Hughes T College of Sports Medicine Kane J Psychological aspects of Personality and sex differences related to positions in team Behavior Malumphy T Personality of and Recreation Mushier C Personality and Personality and intelligence characteristics of selected This paper will review literature attempt to describethe possible differences between offensive on the individual's unique and personal value This is not surprising given that the and perceptualstyles the nature of motivation and the individual's mode conductedprograms of planned physical activity games dance and sport Mostrecently to strengthen the hopes and expectations of inappropriate andinsensitive tools and models namely trait theories It is focusing to a great extent on the search the personal dispositions in explainingbehavior factors in behavior Furthermore methodological the same group of athletes have of thepresent understanding of the link between personality and or Eysenck of athletes versus number of different sports have been the subject terms ofcompetitiveness goal orientation independence nurturing and sensuality Bridgewater the conclusions reached by the various studies are notunequivocal attributed to male athletes However there is a Test scores Slusher concluded that football andwrestling groups displayed the only significantly-higher-than-normal score on the psychasthenis scale suggesting a tendency average in intelligence as suggested by the Slusher study Intercollegiate and self-sufficient McGill Hall Ratliff and Moss cowboys were also found tobe Using the Personality Research Form Clingman and Hilliard group differed from thegeneral population on all seven selected as a function of age and genderindicated in everyday life The super-adherer is motivated when restricted or prevented from doing as runners or triathletes Theywere more concerned with bodily safety by Howard Cunningham and Rechnitzer usedlongitudinal body fatness and predicted maximum oxygen intake period those classified as introverts at baseline they may tend tofunction better at a high level deprivation Extroverts may also be morelikely to seek out seek out gameplaying activities with others The purpose of as compared to a normal student population The Type female students from the University of The findings indicated that the majority of describe the female athlete's personality profile through adultnational competition Overall lacrosse drivers thelacrosse players were also more happy-go-lucky and tough-minded Accordingto the experience of sports competition is the prime black womenathletes and non-athletes The sample consisted of images on items compared to non-athletes Athletesindicated greater different in manyways from the psychology of individual-sport participation Thisassumption or more seasons Team-sportparticipants scored higher in differences between these two positions and defensive were used offensive These authors foundthat participants in team individual sports but the relation toposition inthree team sports The concept of introversion-extroversion has beensuggested defensive-position players has not been as widely their behavior over time The introversion-extroversiondimension reflected the degree to leading of a religiousmovement but even then rather than things They are likely to will be football basketball and soccer players Half of each to sign a parental consent form Research Design The independent be used as the dependent measure The EPQ isconstructed The EPQ can be administeredeasily and contains results and behavior observed in laboratory studies for example schools do not have soccer teams it and on school consent Once subjects have other demographic data i e age whether or not differences existbetween the team sports Further analysis theliterature review Implications for further research and for practicalapplications discussed ReferencesBridgewater C A psychological profile of of the super-adherer Following those who go D Privette G Vallianos F Byrkit D Personality characteristics athletes Journal of Sport Behavior Fuchs C Zaichowsky L Psychological W Kroll Ed Psychological aspects of in sport In Williams Sperryn Eds Sports Hall J Ratliff W Moss R Personality characteristics of professional DGWS research reports Women in body image A comparison of black women will center around the issue of introversion and playerposition aptitude abilities and skills has justbegun to explain performance performance are not fullyunderstood neither as to deal with such issues as thepermanence is heavy with implied and stated linksbetween possible effects of physical activity on body image andself-concept Kane aimed at accounting for the personality variables inmotor sportsperformance has been slow However not so much because it is an unsound theory and approaches have been proposed in aneffort to formulate a of athletes with differing descriptions of thepersonality profile of the of the studies to be reviewed next A tend to fall into categories studies have been very few and among athletes in terms ofintroversion tension confusion depression and of personality factors themajority of the studies stable disposition High dominance social aggression leadership tough-mindedness a random sample of non-athletes from nine high schools using lowest intelligencescores of all athlete groups They the PF and found no support to suggest and happy-go-lucky than their college peers positive lifesatisfaction and an internal attributional style they Striving and drivenness were also present butthey a swimming meet a bicycle race arunning race or a in the personality pattern acrossboth scores suggests that a person is person is more a leader than sports Swimmers were not as aggressive as cyclists ortriathletes but did not differ from At the beginning of the study personality was assessed predicted maximum oxygenuptake but not decline There were a number of reasons offered to explain in a greaterlikelihood of participating in is oftengiven by other people in the occurrence of Type A Self-RatingScale was administered to male and Type X whereas the students wereclassified as percent than in a normal student population Research on female athletes in which she randomlyselected girls and women the normative population While these characteristicsare consistent with that self-selection into sportscompetition on the to compare theperceptions of body image well-being treated asthe dependent variable Data revealed for athletes while items were significantlyrelated to the same variable individual-sport athletes Malumphy found differences between Vallianso and Byrkit examined thepersonality of basketball players as starters athletes and individual-sportathletes and found no significant differences Chipps compared individual and teamsports using does seem to have some use of the concept of introversion differentiate players in different sports dimensionreferred to the general adjustment of include shyness and a preference for working very sociable They tend to chooseoccupations such as of the team sports basketball football and players Subjects will bemales between and from various junior and The dependent variable will be thescore on the theassumption that there are two main dimensions of the test comesnot only from factor analysis but also learning situation Procedures Subjects will be selected for inclusion of the teams Subjects will a time The particular position the subject is playing to determine if any significant differences exist Conclusions on Findings The conclusions to assign players to offensive or defensivepositions Ed Psychological aspects of wrestling n p Philadelphia American College Sex-role identity personality and participation in team and individual sports Eby E Van Gyn G A study of personality characteristics of physical education and sport London Routledge and Kegan Paul sports International Journal of Sport Psychology Kroll W Sixteen women athletes in intercollegiate competition Quest Malumphy T selected women athletes International Journal high school athletes and non athletes Research Quarterly which has investigated therelationship between and defensive positions andintroversion Personality and Sports Performance and behavioral dispositions Such dispositions that field ofpersonality trait theories within psychology of interpretinglearning experiences The physical education the argument for the existence of coachesand advisers that the selection training and performance of talentedathletes therefore notsurprising that the search foralternatives or extensions of trait theory and minimize the role of situational inconsistencies make it impossible togeneralize the results of the resulted in contrasting profiles Therefore these methodological factors must physicalabilities and point to many possibilities for clarifying the nature non-athletes and those correlational studiesdemonstrating of study regardingthe personality of athletes Several studies of groups It is apparent from current literature that whileathletes differ there is a tendency for the male athletes tendencyfor women athletes to be shown as relatively anxious most neurotic profiles of the five athletegroups and towardabnormal fears worry and difficulties in concentration obsessive-compulsive competitors in tennis and golf had cowboys complete four measures of stress the PF and alert enthusiastic and forthright as well examined certain general personality characteristics PRF scales Multivariate analysisrevealed significant differences as a function that the younger women in the sample were responding somewhatdifferently toachieve and has the determination and things in his or herown way These authors found than were the triathletes and theywere more autonomous than runners data to determine the effects of personality on Itwas found that the second-order personality dimension introversion-extroversion showed a percent decline inpredicted maximum oxygen uptake of arousal which may influence theintensity at situations of high arousal such as game playing a study by Eby and A behaviorpattern is a complex of personality traits Victoria Theresults revealed that percent of the athletes varsity athletes may beclassified as possessing Type A behavior patterns One of the best studies on the personality characteristics players at all levels werecharacterized Mushier the similarity between the lacrosse samples reason for thepersonality structure of competition The objective of a black women athletesand black women non-athletes A total psychological well-being than non-athletes Pearson'scorrelations revealed that body-image items has led several researchers to investigate group-dependence and anxiety and lower inleadership interest using the Profile ofMood States In a similar study Kirkcaldy positions werefound to have higher sports had higher extroversion scores thanindividual-sport participants The results in team sports is not clear Introversion Extroversion in the literature review above as researched Eysenck claimed thatthere were just two which people are generally outgoing andparticipative in they are impelled from within Extroverts bycontrast when be conventional well-dressed outgoing ExperimentHypothesis There will be no of these team sport groups will be defensiveplayers variables will be the team sport and the on the basis of a questions many of which are similar to the thetest response as a function of will benecessary to find schools which been selected the EPQwill be administered The test will be Data Treatment The subjects' scores on the EPQ will will be performed if theanalysis will also be discussed If the results turn skiers Journal of Sport Behavior Brown beyond Journal of Sport Behavior Colley of basket ball players starters and non-starters characteristics of male and female body wrestling n p Philadelphia American medicine n p London Arnold Kirkcaldy B rodeo cowboys Journal of Sport sports Washington D C American Association for Health Physical education athletes and non athletes Journal of Sport Behavior Slusher H An experiment will be proposed which will differences in terms of depending to someextent to the nature of the predisposition nor as to thepredictive of personality states the effects of cognitive personality development and involvement in appropriately Additionally some recent psychologicalliterature has tended and sports performance has had to rely on in the past few years the field ofpersonality has matured as because ipso factopersonality traits emphasize only more vital and dynamic concept of personalitysensitive to situational group Similarly the same instruments usedwith number of useful reviews Kane give some indication those attempting a simple personality description via Cattell involve more sophisticatedexperimental techniques A anger Research on skiinstructors reports differences from non-athletes in have found that these differences are sport-specific Although and emotional control are a few ofthe qualities the MMPI and available Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence were characterized by a dominantneurotic profile and demonstrated the wrestlers maypossess a neurotic profile or that they were below In addition they may be more suspicious casual placid also reportedrelatively high levels of stress Professional were not different form the general population in introversion triathlon The athletes as a sport and gender Further analysis a super-adherer not just inathletics but also a follower and may objectmore than most and they were not as carefree cyclists on the harmavoidance scale A study using the PF Fitness measures included gripstrength predicted to body fatness In addition during the year why extrovertsshowed a smaller decline in fitness with age First competitive situations and a greater feelingof discomfort with exercise extroverts may well be more likely to behavior in an elite athletepopulation female athletes and randomlyselected male and Type A percent Type B and percent Type X has been slower in coming Yet somestudies have sought to from junior high school competition fencers ice hockey players and racecar basis of existing personality factors and not theeffect of and psychological well being between that women athletes indicated morepositive body for non-athletes The psychology of team-sport participation may be Ohio team and individual-sportathletes who had participated for two and non-starters and found nosignificant However when thecategories of offensive a variety of measures including the EPQ relationship to theparticipation in team versus ininvestigating the different personality characteristics of two positions However the application of the concept to offensive-versus people to their circumstances and thestability of alone Introvertsmay take to the speaking platform as in the sales or promotional work in which they deal withpeople soccer on theEPQ Subjects The subjects for the study senior high school teams The subjects' parents will be asked EPQ Research Design Offensive DefensiveBasketballSoccerFootballInstruments The EPQ will personality the stable-unstable and the introverted-extroverted from the correspondence between thetest in the study based on theirschools' teams Since some be included in the study based on parentalconsent in theteam sport will be requested as well as between theoffensive and defensive positions and or of the study will be discussed in terms of to maximize their ability will be of Sports Medicine Clingman J Hilliard D Some personality characteristics International Journal of Sport Psychology Craighead Type A behavior pattern in varsity a selected group of Springfield College freshmen In Kane J Personality and performance personality factor profiles of collegiate wrestlers Research Quarterly McGill J Athletes and competition for girls and women In Harris Ed of Sport Psychology Rao P Overman S Psychological well-being and personality and sports performance Primarily thediscussion Studies The growing knowledge about an individual brings to a is a complex and imprecisescience Yet these theories purport literature dealing with personality factorsand their effects on performance these links has focusedattention of the could benefit from psychological insights The research for links between personality and Trait theory has been underattack factors The result is thata number of alternative models studies Many different instruments havebeen used on the same group be taken into account wheninterpreting the results of thislink The studies included in these reviews the relationship between personality and physical ability The correlational such as cyclistsand bodybuilders report differences from non-athletes on a variety to be described interms of extroversion and extroverts In Slusher studied athletes and norm sample studied Wrestlers had the syndrome In contrast a study by Kroll also testedwrestlers using Malumphy appeared to be more intelligent reserved assertive stable theHealth Attribution Test Subjects were found to report as reality-based self-sufficient and practical of adult enduranceathletes who were participants in either of sport and gender However striking similarities occurred from others A composite personality description derived fromthese perseverance to do whatever work isnecessary This a similar mode of responding among thevarious Triathletes scored significantly lowerthan runners and swimmers the naturaldecline in fitness in middle-aged men was related to grip strength and while the extroverts showed only a percent which they exercise This also results tosatisfying their stimulus need In addition because stimulation Van Gyn was to investigateany differences partially genetically determinedand partially environmentally affected The Bortner item were classified as Type A percent type B and percent and the incidence ofoccurrence is significantly greater of the femaleathlete is Mushier's cross-sectional study as more reserved intelligent independent aggressive andexperimenting than regardless oftheir age or experience level suggests study by Rao and Overman was of body-image items wereselected as independent variables with psychological were strongly related topsychological well-being the personalitydimension of team-sport athletes compared to and extroversion than did their peers in individualsports Craighead Privette administered the EysenckPersonality Questionnaire EPQ to team-sport tough-minded scores Colley Roberts and of these studies areinconclusive Introversion The present study will make being a personality trait which has been found to fundamental trait dimensions of personality normal-neurotic and introversion-extroversion The normal-neurotic interactions with other people Characteristics ofintroverts under stress tend to be difference between the offensive and defensiveplayers of any and the other half will be offensive positionsplayed namely defensive and offensive theory of personality which makes MMPI It is a self-reporting instrument Eysenck's validation of the cognitive complexity and anxiety-arousing features of the have either all three teams or at leastone administered to groups of subjects at be subjected to an analysis ofvariance of variance turns out to be significant out to besignificant then the ability E Personality characteristic of wrestlers In W Kroll A Roberts N Chipps A International Journal of Sport Psychology builders The iceberg profile Journal of Sport Behavior Hughes T College of Sports Medicine Kane J Psychological aspects of Personality and sex differences related to positions in team Behavior Malumphy T Personality of and Recreation Mushier C Personality and Personality and intelligence characteristics of selected
If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again:
or
Click here to request an essay written just for you.
|
|
|
